
Fundamentals
The very essence of understanding the Oppression Impact, particularly as it relates to the rich heritage of textured hair, commences with a recognition that hair, for many communities, extends beyond mere biological fiber. It serves as a profound repository of memory, identity, and spirit. To begin delineating the Oppression Impact, we turn our gaze to its fundamental operation ❉ the cumulative effect of systemic devaluation and marginalization, which subtly, yet powerfully, diminishes the inherent worth and authentic expression tied to one’s physical characteristics, most poignantly, one’s hair. This systematic process does not operate in isolation; it interweaves itself with societal structures, cultural norms, and often, the very policies that govern daily existence.
Consider the initial meaning of such a term. It is an explanation of how consistent, unjust pressures alter the trajectory of a natural form, shifting its perception from a mark of distinction to a target for scrutiny. This impact is the shadow cast by historical dominance, obscuring the radiant truth of ancestral wisdom and natural beauty.
It signifies the burden imposed when the intrinsic beauty and natural state of textured hair are systematically deemed less acceptable, less professional, or less worthy within dominant societal constructs. This perception, once instilled, shapes individual choices, communal practices, and even the very rituals of daily hair care, pulling them away from their organic roots and towards a manufactured ideal.
The Oppression Impact, in its simplest interpretation, represents the enduring consequences of a sustained effort to control, diminish, or erase cultural markers, with textured hair standing as a visible, potent symbol of this heritage. It is a clarion call to acknowledge the profound disruptions that have sought to sever the deep, spiritual connection individuals hold with their hair, a bond often passed down through generations.
The Oppression Impact unveils the lasting weight of systemic forces that sought to redefine the inherent beauty of textured hair, severing ties to ancestral reverence and authentic self-expression.
In examining this phenomenon, we must recognize that the Oppression Impact finds its earliest echoes in the elemental biology of hair itself and the ancient practices that honored it. Before the imposition of external judgments, hair, in its natural state, possessed a revered status within numerous African societies. Each curl, coil, and strand held a distinct meaning, often signaling social standing, marital status, age, or tribal affiliation. The very texture of hair, its strength, its resilience, and its ability to absorb and hold oils were not viewed as imperfections but as biological marvels, uniquely adapted to diverse climates and adorned with intricate artistry.
Ancient civilizations, from the Nubians to the Dogon, understood hair as a conduit for spiritual energy, a crown that connected the individual to divine realms and ancestral spirits. Cleansing rituals, elaborate braiding patterns, and the application of natural ingredients derived from the earth—like shea butter or specific plant extracts—were not merely cosmetic acts. They were sacred ceremonies, communal gatherings that reaffirmed collective identity and passed down knowledge.
These practices were rooted in deep biological understanding, an intuitive grasp of how natural elements interacted with hair to promote its health and vitality. This knowledge was woven into the fabric of daily life, into the stories told, and the songs sung, affirming hair as a living, breathing part of oneself and one’s lineage.
The initial waves of Oppression Impact, the violent rupture of ancestral connections, began with acts designed to strip identity. During the transatlantic slave trade, one of the first brutal acts inflicted upon kidnapped Africans was the shaving of their heads. This act was not arbitrary; it was a deliberate, dehumanizing measure aimed at severing cultural ties and erasing individuality, disrupting the very foundation of self and communal belonging linked to hair.
Without access to their traditional tools, ingredients, and communal care rituals, the enslaved were forced to adapt, often inventing new styles or care methods in secret, maintaining a fragile yet enduring link to their hair heritage despite immense adversity. This marked a profound shift, forcing textured hair from a revered adornment into a site of vulnerability and control.

Intermediate
Moving beyond the foundational understanding, the intermediate view of the Oppression Impact reveals its insidious nature as a sustained, pervasive force shaping the experiences of Black and mixed-race individuals through centuries. This perspective considers how the initial disruptions evolved into entrenched systems of devaluation, profoundly affecting self-perception, social mobility, and the very expression of cultural pride through hair. The Oppression Impact, at this level of interpretation, signifies the complex interplay between external societal pressures and the internal world of individuals, where ancestral practices are either suppressed, adapted, or defiantly resurrected.
It is here we confront the persistent devaluation of textured hair within Eurocentric beauty paradigms, which systematically promoted straight, flowing hair as the sole standard of beauty and professionalism. This imposition was not accidental; it was a deliberate strategy to reinforce racial hierarchies and undermine the self-worth of those who did not conform. Schools, workplaces, and media platforms became unwitting, or sometimes deliberate, arbiters of this standard, sending clear messages that natural textured hair was “unprofessional,” “unruly,” or even “unclean.” These messages, delivered consistently across various societal spheres, created a profound chasm between inherent beauty and accepted appearance, compelling many to seek chemical or heat-based alterations to their hair.
Consider the profound significance. This is not merely about aesthetic preferences; it is about the systematic denial of opportunities, the erosion of confidence, and the forced assimilation that demands a physical transformation. The psychological toll of internalizing these messages is considerable, leading to a complex array of emotions ranging from anxiety and shame to a sense of cultural disconnection.
Individuals found themselves in a constant state of negotiation ❉ upholding their heritage or conforming to a dominant, often hostile, standard. This negotiation became a tender thread in the fabric of their lives, influencing daily routines and long-term aspirations.
The Oppression Impact also manifested tangibly in historical legislation. A compelling example arises from the late 18th century in Louisiana with the enforcement of the Tignon Laws of 1786. These laws, enacted by Spanish Governor Esteban Miró, compelled free women of color in New Orleans to cover their hair with a tignon, or headwrap, in public. The overt aim was to distinguish them from white women and to suppress their perceived social and economic influence, which was often amplified by their elaborate and striking hairstyles.
These women, many of whom were of African descent and had achieved notable economic independence, presented a challenge to the existing social order. Their hair, often adorned with beads, ribbons, and intricate patterns, served as a powerful declaration of identity and status. The Tignon Laws were a direct attempt to diminish this visible expression of self and heritage, a clear example of systemic control through physical appearance.
The Tignon Laws stand as a stark historical marker, revealing how systemic oppression leveraged hair as a tool to subjugate identity and dismantle social standing.
Yet, within this very act of oppression, resilience bloomed. The very requirement to cover their hair sparked an extraordinary act of cultural defiance. These women transformed the mandated tignon into exquisite works of art, using vibrant fabrics, sophisticated wrapping techniques, and luxurious embellishments. What was intended as a badge of subservience became a renewed symbol of their ingenuity, resistance, and unwavering spirit.
This transformative act illustrates a vital aspect of the Oppression Impact ❉ while it seeks to diminish, it often inadvertently ignites a deeper, more creative expression of heritage. This historical example underscores the dual nature of the Oppression Impact—its capacity to harm and its paradoxical role in catalyzing enduring forms of cultural resistance. It reveals how traditions of care and community were not just about survival, but about asserting identity through artistry and collective resolve.
This period demonstrates how the “tender thread” of ancestral practices, even under duress, continued to be spun, albeit with new patterns. The headwrap, a garment with deep roots in various African cultures, transformed from a simple covering into a powerful statement of enduring beauty and defiance. This act of reclaiming and repurposing an oppressive decree showcases the living traditions of care and community, adapting and evolving in the face of adversity. The knowledge of how to adorn, how to create, and how to signify through hair was not lost; it adapted, demonstrating the incredible adaptability of heritage itself.

Academic
From an academic vantage, the Oppression Impact is understood as a complex, multi-layered construct, meticulously shaped by historical subjugation and reinforced by contemporary systemic biases, with particular resonance in the domain of textured hair heritage. This academic meaning extends beyond simple discrimination; it is a critical analysis of the deeply ingrained mechanisms through which dominant cultural norms and power structures perpetually disadvantage individuals whose natural hair diverges from a prescribed Eurocentric aesthetic. It delineates how these historical and ongoing pressures manifest as tangible detriments to psychological well-being, economic opportunity, and social equity. This intricate phenomenon represents the sustained, multifaceted influence of societal hierarchy on personal identity, cultural expression, and the very foundations of communal legacy.
The term refers to the inherent burden carried by individuals navigating spaces where their natural hair is subjected to microaggressions, explicit bias, or institutional policies that demand conformity. This perspective explores the profound psychological ramifications, examining how the repeated exposure to negative judgments cultivates internalized racism, fostering negative self-images, and engendering chronic stress. It signifies the relentless pressure to chemically straighten or conceal natural hair textures, a practice rooted in the survival strategies developed during periods of intense racial subjugation, and now manifesting in adverse health outcomes and significant financial expenditures.
Central to this academic interpretation is the concept of Hair Discrimination, which scholars recognize as a specific form of racial discrimination. A 2024 study by Afiya M. Mbilishaka and her colleagues, “Don’t Get It Twisted ❉ Untangling the Psychology of Hair Discrimination Within Black Communities,” provides empirical evidence of the profound psychological impact of hair discrimination. The study, involving a sampling of 90 African American community members through a guided hair autobiography method, revealed that while texture, length, and style were common entry points for discriminatory behaviors, factors such as hair color, augmentation, density, and product choice also served as tools of ‘othering’ within a Eurocentric aesthetic value system.
The narratives collected highlighted that individuals experienced interpersonal rejections early in their development, both within emotionally intimate family settings and in public environments like schools with teachers and classmates. A predominant emotional response reported was sadness, underscoring the deep emotional toll of these rejections.
Academic research on Oppression Impact illustrates its pervasive psychological toll, revealing how subtle biases against natural hair, even from childhood, can erode self-perception and foster profound emotional responses.
This research further elucidated how these experiences extend into adulthood, impacting professional and social interactions. The findings from Mbilishaka’s study underscore how hair discrimination, a manifestation of the Oppression Impact, is not merely an aesthetic concern. It is a significant social injustice that affects fundamental aspects of identity and mental health within Black communities.
This highlights the long-term consequences of such bias, extending far beyond superficial appearance to shape an individual’s sense of belonging and their capacity to thrive authentically. It is a critical examination of how historical power imbalances are perpetuated through seemingly innocuous judgments about hair.
Another lens through which to comprehend the academic meaning of Oppression Impact is its economic dimension. Black haircare constitutes a multi-billion dollar industry, yet studies reveal a discernible “minority hair tax.” Research conducted in 2022 by Walker and colleagues on texture-based price differences found that coily/curly hair products were significantly more expensive in average price per ounce compared to haircare products for straight hair types. One leading US manufacturer, for instance, sold coily/curly hair products at a higher price ($0.66/oz) compared with straight hair products ($0.46/oz), indicating a clear pricing bias.
This economic disparity means that maintaining textured hair, often already subjected to societal scrutiny, comes with an additional financial burden, further exacerbating the cumulative disadvantage inherent in the Oppression Impact. This economic observation points to broader systemic inequalities that extend into consumer markets, reflecting a historical pattern where products catering to the needs of marginalized groups are often priced at a premium, adding a tangible cost to the act of self-acceptance and cultural affirmation.
Furthermore, the Oppression Impact is deeply interconnected with the historical suppression of ancestral practices. Before colonial intervention, African hair traditions were rich repositories of scientific understanding and community wisdom. Indigenous knowledge systems understood the unique needs of textured hair, developing sophisticated practices involving natural ingredients, intricate braiding techniques, and communal grooming rituals. These practices were not divorced from science; they were empirical observations and innovations refined over millennia, reflecting a profound understanding of botany, chemistry, and dermatology long before Western science formally categorized these fields.
The transatlantic slave trade, as previously touched upon, systematically dismantled these practices, yet fragments survived. Enslaved individuals, despite the brutal conditions, innovated. Cornrows, for instance, were ingeniously utilized as maps to plan escape routes, literally weaving routes to freedom into their hair. This survival of ancestral knowledge, often in clandestine forms, demonstrates a remarkable resilience, a testament to the enduring power of heritage even under the direst forms of Oppression Impact.
The enduring implications of Oppression Impact extend to contemporary social dynamics. Research consistently indicates that Black women, in particular, are disproportionately affected by hair-based discrimination in professional and educational settings. Studies have demonstrated that Black women with natural hairstyles are often perceived as less professional, less competent, and consequently, less likely to secure job interviews compared to Black women with straightened hair or white women with any hair type. This bias is not merely a matter of individual prejudice; it reflects deeply embedded societal norms that privilege Eurocentric aesthetics, creating tangible barriers to career advancement and perpetuating systemic inequities.
The “Unbound Helix” of identity and future-shaping, seen through an academic lens, becomes a process of conscious reclamation and decolonization. It involves rigorous scholarship that challenges dominant narratives, illuminates historical injustices, and validates ancestral wisdom through modern scientific inquiry. For instance, the understanding of how traditional oils and butters seal moisture into highly porous textured hair, a practice dating back millennia, is now affirmed by trichological science.
This scientific validation of ancestral practices helps dismantle the Oppression Impact by re-centering authentic hair care within a framework of knowledge and efficacy, rather than mere cultural preference. The movement towards embracing natural hair, supported by contemporary legislative efforts like the CROWN Act, serves as a socio-political response to generations of Oppression Impact, aiming to dismantle the structures that have historically marginalized textured hair.
The academic delineation of Oppression Impact also examines its pervasive influence on self-concept and identity formation. Individuals often experience a profound struggle between societal expectations and their inherent sense of self. This struggle can lead to a phenomenon known as Identity Suppression, where individuals might consciously or unconsciously alter their appearance, speech, or behavior to conform to dominant norms, thus hiding aspects of their authentic self. This internal conflict, driven by the Oppression Impact, can hinder holistic well-being and limit genuine self-expression.
The process of unlearning these internalized biases and reclaiming one’s hair identity becomes a vital act of self-liberation, a deliberate step towards healing the wounds inflicted by generations of devaluation. This process signifies the unbound helix striving towards its natural, celebrated form, moving beyond the confines of historical constraint.
The intergenerational transmission of Oppression Impact also warrants academic scrutiny. Messages about “good hair” versus “bad hair” often pass from one generation to the next, subtly embedding Eurocentric beauty standards within families and communities. This perpetuates a cycle where individuals may, despite good intentions, inadvertently perpetuate the very biases that harmed their ancestors.
Breaking this cycle requires intentional dialogue, education rooted in historical context, and a conscious celebration of diverse hair textures within familial and communal spaces. It calls for a re-education that affirms the ancestral beauty and strength of textured hair as a foundational aspect of identity.
In sum, the academic understanding of Oppression Impact, particularly concerning textured hair, is a rigorous and comprehensive examination of its historical roots, its psychological and economic manifestations, and the enduring resilience and resistance it has provoked. It is a call to dismantle systemic biases, validate ancestral knowledge, and support the holistic well-being of individuals in reclaiming their hair heritage as a source of profound pride and power.

Historical Trajectories and Systemic Reinforcement
The genesis of Oppression Impact, in an academic context, finds its origins in the colonial encounters that fundamentally reshaped global perceptions of beauty and personhood. European aesthetic standards were imposed as universal, systematically denigrating African features, including the varied textures of hair. This was not a passive diffusion of ideas; it was an active project of subjugation, intricately linked to the ideologies of racial hierarchy that justified slavery and colonization. Scholars analyzing this historical trajectory underscore how early colonial regimes often legislated against traditional African hairstyles, seeking to dismantle communal identity and individual agency.
Following the abolition of slavery, the Oppression Impact evolved. Rather than explicit legal bans, more insidious forms of discrimination emerged, often embedded within social etiquette, employment expectations, and educational policies. The rise of chemical relaxers in the early 20th century, while offering a means of achieving a more ‘acceptable’ appearance, also inadvertently reinforced the notion that natural hair was somehow ‘unmanageable’ or ‘undesirable.’ This created a self-perpetuating cycle where the societal pressure to conform fueled a market for products that promised assimilation, often at the cost of hair health and cultural authenticity.
Sociological studies frequently explore how this systemic reinforcement operates through various social institutions. In educational settings, hair discrimination often manifests as dress codes that disproportionately affect Black students, leading to disciplinary actions for natural styles such as locs or braids. These policies, while ostensibly neutral, convey powerful messages about what is deemed ‘appropriate’ or ‘distracting,’ shaping the self-esteem and academic experiences of young individuals. Similarly, in the workplace, anecdotal evidence and increasing research point to biases that limit employment opportunities or professional advancement for those with natural hair.
These biases are not isolated incidents but represent the cumulative effect of historical narratives and deeply ingrained prejudices. The academic lens requires us to dissect these systemic processes, revealing how they perpetuate economic disparities and psychological burdens. It challenges us to examine the intersectionality of race, gender, and hair, recognizing that Black women, in particular, often bear the brunt of these multi-layered forms of discrimination.

The Psychological and Sociological Manifestations
The psychological ramifications of the Oppression Impact are profound, extending beyond superficial concerns to touch the core of identity and mental well-being. The constant pressure to conform to Eurocentric beauty standards, often internalized from a young age, can lead to chronic stress and anxiety. Individuals may experience hypervigilance regarding how their hair is perceived, leading to constant self-monitoring and a diminished sense of authenticity. This continuous negotiation between one’s natural self and societal expectations can contribute to conditions such as body dysmorphia, social anxiety, and even depression, particularly when tied to feelings of rejection or inadequacy.
Sociologically, the Oppression Impact on hair shapes social interactions and community dynamics. It can foster feelings of alienation and isolation, especially in environments where natural hair is not celebrated or even tolerated. Conversely, it can also act as a powerful catalyst for collective identity and resistance. The natural hair movement, for instance, serves as a vibrant counter-narrative, a communal reclaiming of heritage and beauty.
It represents a collective effort to dismantle the Oppression Impact by affirming the inherent beauty of textured hair and challenging the very foundations of oppressive beauty standards. This movement, driven by grassroots activism and digital communities, fosters spaces of affirmation, shared knowledge, and collective healing.
- Internalized Racism ❉ The adoption of negative societal views about one’s own racial group, often resulting in self-doubt and self-criticism regarding hair texture.
- Coping Mechanisms ❉ The development of strategies, conscious or unconscious, to navigate discriminatory environments, which may include altering natural hair or avoiding certain social situations.
- Cultural Disconnection ❉ A sense of estrangement from ancestral hair practices and the rich history embedded in textured hair, often due to societal pressures to conform.

Reclaiming the Unbound Helix ❉ Ancestral Wisdom and Modern Science
The path towards dismantling the Oppression Impact involves a harmonious convergence of ancestral wisdom and modern scientific understanding. The traditional practices of hair care, often passed down orally through generations, contained an intuitive scientific brilliance. The use of specific plant oils, herbal rinses, and protective styles like braids and twists were not arbitrary.
They were sophisticated methods for managing moisture retention, protecting delicate strands from environmental damage, and promoting healthy growth, all directly addressing the unique biological structure of textured hair. Modern trichology now validates many of these practices, confirming the efficacy of sealing techniques, the benefits of natural humectants, and the protective advantages of intricate styling.
This synergy between the ancient and the contemporary forms the core of Roothea’s philosophy. It is a recognition that the wisdom of our ancestors, often dismissed or devalued by colonial science, holds profound truths that can guide our present-day hair journeys. By connecting current understanding to historical context, we can unlock a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity embedded in traditional practices. This integration not only empowers individuals with effective care strategies but also serves as an act of resistance against the Oppression Impact, affirming the value and validity of a heritage long suppressed.
| Era/Context Pre-Colonial Africa |
| Manifestation of Oppression Impact Diverse hair meanings, sacred rituals, community building. No external oppression. |
| Ancestral/Community Response & Modern Insight Hair as a symbol of status, tribe, spiritual connection. Practices focused on natural nourishment and intricate artistry. |
| Era/Context Transatlantic Slave Trade |
| Manifestation of Oppression Impact Forced head shaving, denial of ancestral tools and ingredients. Stripping of identity. |
| Ancestral/Community Response & Modern Insight Clandestine braiding for escape routes, adaptation of available natural resources for care. Resilience through covert practice. |
| Era/Context Post-Slavery & Jim Crow |
| Manifestation of Oppression Impact Tignon Laws, "good hair" vs. "bad hair" dichotomy, societal pressure for assimilation (chemical straightening). |
| Ancestral/Community Response & Modern Insight Headwraps as defiance, establishment of Black beauty salons as community hubs, informal knowledge sharing. Modern recognition of chemical damage. |
| Era/Context Civil Rights Era & Black Power |
| Manifestation of Oppression Impact Hair discrimination in schools/workplaces for natural styles. |
| Ancestral/Community Response & Modern Insight The Afro as a political statement, embracing natural hair as a symbol of pride and resistance. Contemporary CROWN Act legislation. |
| Era/Context Contemporary Era |
| Manifestation of Oppression Impact Microaggressions, implicit bias, economic disparities in product pricing, workplace discrimination. |
| Ancestral/Community Response & Modern Insight Natural hair movement, online communities, academic studies on psychological impact, product innovation, advocacy for protective laws. |
| Era/Context Understanding this historical continuum highlights how the Oppression Impact shifts forms, yet ancestral knowledge and community resilience consistently offer pathways for affirmation and progress. |
The ongoing pursuit of holistic well-being, both physical and mental, stands as a direct counter to the Oppression Impact. For Black and mixed-race individuals, their hair journey often becomes a deeply personal voyage of self-discovery and self-acceptance. This path often entails unlearning deeply ingrained societal biases and embracing the beauty inherent in their natural texture.
Wellness advocates emphasize that the act of caring for textured hair, using practices aligned with ancestral wisdom and scientific insight, becomes a therapeutic process. It is a conscious decision to nourish a part of oneself that was historically targeted for devaluation, transforming it into a source of strength and pride.
This journey is not without its challenges. The market remains saturated with products that sometimes perpetuate harmful ideals, and societal pressures, though diminished in some spaces, still persist in others. However, the growing collective consciousness, driven by academic understanding and cultural resurgence, empowers individuals to navigate these complexities with greater clarity and purpose. The unbound helix, therefore, is not merely a metaphor for hair; it is a symbol of identity spiraling upwards, freed from the constrictions of historical oppression, towards a future where every strand tells a story of liberation, resilience, and profound beauty.

Reflection on the Heritage of Oppression Impact
To truly grasp the enduring significance of the Oppression Impact upon textured hair is to undertake a profound meditation on memory, resilience, and the soulful essence of heritage. It is to recognize that every curl, every coil, every loc carries whispers of generations past—not only of struggle, but also of profound ingenuity, unwavering spirit, and a deep, abiding connection to self and community. The journey through the Oppression Impact is not merely a recounting of historical injustices; it is an intimate exploration of how ancestral wisdom, often born in the crucible of adversity, became the tender thread that wove through the fabric of time, preserving cultural identity against concerted efforts to unravel it.
Consider the strength found in the very fibers of textured hair, biologically adapted for survival and beauty in diverse environments. This inherent strength mirrors the spiritual fortitude of the communities that carry this heritage. The deliberate acts of dehumanization, such as the shaving of heads during the transatlantic slave trade, were designed to strip away more than just hair; they aimed to sever the spiritual and cultural bonds that hair represented.
Yet, against such profound violence, the spirit persisted. The clandestine cultivation of ancestral practices, the ingenious adaptation of available resources for care, and the defiant artistry embedded in new styles—like the headwraps of New Orleans’ free women of color—stand as monumental testaments to an unyielding will.
The Oppression Impact, therefore, is not a static wound. It is a dynamic force that continues to evolve, prompting continuous acts of reclaiming and reaffirmation. The contemporary natural hair movement is a powerful echo of these ancestral acts of resistance. It is a collective turning inward, a return to elemental practices and an embrace of authentic forms.
This movement is a living archive, where the knowledge of ancient oils, protective styling, and communal grooming rituals are revitalized, reinterpreted through modern understanding, and shared across digital hearths. The act of tending to one’s textured hair today becomes a sacred ritual, a deliberate act of healing and affirmation that honors the struggles and triumphs of those who came before.
The Oppression Impact’s legacy is countered by the vibrant resurgence of ancestral hair practices, transforming historical burdens into celebrations of enduring beauty and resilience.
The unbound helix, a symbol of textured hair’s natural spiral, truly embodies the ongoing liberation. It represents the journey from constraint to liberation, from the burdens of imposed standards to the joyous assertion of inherent beauty. This journey is a testament to the fact that while oppression may cast long shadows, it cannot extinguish the light of heritage. Instead, it often makes the light burn brighter, transforming sites of historical vulnerability into emblems of enduring power.
Our understanding of the Oppression Impact reminds us that the care we give our hair is not just personal; it is a profound act of cultural remembrance, a continuation of an ancestral story, and a powerful declaration for future generations. The soulful wisdom of Roothea whispers that in celebrating our textured hair, we not only nurture ourselves but also reaffirm an unbroken lineage of beauty, strength, and sovereign self-expression.

References
- Mbilishaka, A. M. et al. (2024). Don’t Get It Twisted ❉ Untangling the Psychology of Hair Discrimination Within Black Communities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.
- Rosette, A. S. & Dumas, T. L. (2020). The Natural Hair Bias in Job Recruitment. Social Psychological and Personality Science.
- Chenier, C. (2019). The Tignon Law ❉ How Black Women Formed Decor Out of Oppression. NOIR ‘N NOLA.
- Maharaj, C. (2025). Beyond the roots ❉ exploring the link between black hair and mental health. Mental Health Awareness Week Blog.
- Walker, C. B. et al. (2022). Minority hair tax ❉ pricing bias in haircare products. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
- Legal Defense Fund. (n.d.). Hair Discrimination FAQ. Legal Defense Fund.
- Odele Beauty. (2021). 6 Things Everyone Should Know About Black Hair History. Odele Beauty.
- The Visibility Project. (2016). NEVER FORGET #021 ❉ Black Women’s Hair Was Once Illegal. The Visibility Project.
- Cal State LA. (n.d.). A HAIRY SITUATION ❉ FIGHTING HAIR BIAS IN THE WORKPLACE. Cal State LA.