
Fundamentals
The concept of Ancestral Hair Secrets, as inscribed within Roothea’s living library, stands as a profound interpretation of the intrinsic wisdom and inherited properties embedded within textured hair. It is a recognition that the very coils and kinks, the deep undulations of every strand, carry within them echoes of generations past. This designation is not merely a poetic flourish; it is a foundational understanding that the physical characteristics of textured hair—its unique structural integrity, its thirst for specific forms of moisture, its inherent resilience—are direct legacies from our forebears.
This wisdom extends beyond mere biology, encompassing the ancient practices, communal rituals, and deep reverence for hair that have shaped the experiences of Black and mixed-race communities across time and geography. It suggests that understanding our hair begins with acknowledging its profound connection to an unbroken lineage of care, identity, and spirit.

The Genesis of the Strand
At its most elemental, Ancestral Hair Secrets speaks to the very origins of hair’s form. The distinct helical architecture of textured hair, with its elliptical cross-section and varied curl patterns, emerged over millennia as an adaptation to diverse climates and environments. This biological blueprint, passed down through genetic heritage, predisposes textured hair to certain needs and responses. Its natural tendency to coil means that the protective outer cuticle layers do not lie as flat as those of straight hair, allowing for greater moisture loss.
This fundamental characteristic, often misunderstood in contemporary beauty narratives, was instinctively understood by ancestral communities. Their methods of care, therefore, were not random but were meticulously developed responses to these inherent biological realities, a testament to an ancient, embodied science.
Ancestral Hair Secrets acknowledges the inherent biological design of textured hair as a direct inheritance from past generations.
The resilience inherent in the structure of textured hair, often perceived as fragility in a world that historically valued straightness, is a significant component of these secrets. Each bend and twist in a coil creates points of strength and elasticity, allowing the hair to expand and contract with environmental shifts. This adaptability, a quiet triumph of biological evolution, speaks to the hair’s capacity for endurance.
The protective qualities of dense, coily hair, offering insulation against the sun’s intense rays and regulating scalp temperature, reveal another layer of this ancestral design. It is a testament to the wisdom encoded within the very fiber of our being, a living connection to the environmental pressures and solutions of our ancestors.

Early Echoes of Care
Before the advent of modern chemistry, ancestral communities across Africa and the diaspora cultivated sophisticated systems of hair care, relying solely on the bounty of their natural surroundings. These early echoes of care form a significant part of Ancestral Hair Secrets. The knowledge of specific plants, oils, and clays—how to harvest them, prepare them, and apply them—was meticulously gathered and transmitted orally, often through generations of women.
This knowledge, born from observation and deep respect for the natural world, allowed for the maintenance of hair health, protection from the elements, and the creation of styles that held deep social and spiritual meaning. The early practices were not about conforming to external ideals, but about honoring the hair’s inherent nature and its profound role in community life.
Consider the widespread use of natural butters and oils across the African continent. From the rich, emollient shea butter of West Africa to the nourishing marula oil of Southern Africa, these ingredients were not simply moisturizers; they were elixirs of life for the hair and scalp. Their efficacy in sealing moisture into the hair shaft, protecting it from breakage, and promoting scalp health speaks to an intuitive understanding of textured hair’s needs long before scientific laboratories could analyze fatty acid profiles. These traditions highlight a fundamental principle of Ancestral Hair Secrets ❉ that the most potent care often comes from a deep, symbiotic relationship with the earth itself, recognizing the interconnectedness of all living things.

The Communal Weave
Beyond individual care, Ancestral Hair Secrets finds its profoundest expression in the communal aspects of hair styling. In many traditional African societies, hair care was a deeply social ritual, a time for intergenerational bonding, storytelling, and the transmission of cultural values. The act of braiding, twisting, or oiling another’s hair was an intimate exchange, a tender thread connecting individuals within a family or community. This communal weave reinforced social ties, provided mentorship, and ensured the continuity of hair traditions.
It was in these shared moments that the nuances of hair texture were understood, celebrated, and expertly managed, passing down techniques and knowledge from elder to youth. This collective wisdom, often whispered in hushed tones or demonstrated through patient hands, constitutes a vital component of the Ancestral Hair Secrets.
The practice of styling hair in community settings fostered a collective identity. Hair was not just personal adornment; it was a visible marker of tribe, status, age, marital standing, and even spiritual beliefs. The intricate patterns of braids, the specific placement of adornments, or the ritualistic cleansing of the scalp were all understood within the communal context.
These shared understandings and practices underscore the idea that hair care was never a solitary act but a deeply communal endeavor, reinforcing belonging and shared heritage. The communal weave highlights how the physical act of hair care was inextricably linked to the social fabric, contributing to the well-being of both the individual and the collective.

Intermediate
Expanding upon its foundational understanding, the intermediate interpretation of Ancestral Hair Secrets invites a deeper exploration into its evolution through history and the intricate ways it has shaped, and been shaped by, the experiences of Black and mixed-race communities. This layer of comprehension moves beyond the elemental, acknowledging the profound cultural and historical forces that have both challenged and fortified these inherited practices. It recognizes that the resilience of textured hair is mirrored by the resilience of the people who wear it, a testament to enduring wisdom that has navigated periods of oppression, adaptation, and powerful reclamation. Here, Ancestral Hair Secrets is understood as a living archive, continuously reinterpreting its past to inform its present and future.

Journeys Across Continents
The forced displacement of African peoples during the transatlantic slave trade profoundly impacted hair traditions, yet Ancestral Hair Secrets persisted through immense adversity. Stripped of their traditional tools and ingredients, and often subjected to dehumanizing practices such as forced head shaving upon arrival in the Americas, enslaved Africans found innovative ways to preserve their hair heritage. This period saw a remarkable adaptation of existing knowledge, with new environments demanding new solutions.
Despite the brutality, hair continued to serve as a clandestine means of communication, a symbol of identity, and a source of solace. The ability to maintain even rudimentary hair care became an act of quiet defiance, a way to hold onto a fragment of self and cultural memory.
Consider the powerful historical example of enslaved African women utilizing their intricate braiding skills to create hidden maps to freedom. In Colombia, for instance, enslaved individuals would braid their hair with specific patterns and adornments that indicated escape routes, safe houses, or directions through treacherous terrain. These styles, often appearing as mere adornment to their captors, were in reality sophisticated cartographies of resistance, a silent language understood only by those seeking liberation. This extraordinary practice, documented by historians and anthropologists, stands as a potent testament to the ingenuity and enduring significance of Ancestral Hair Secrets, transforming hair into a tool of survival and rebellion.
Hair, a silent cartography, became a clandestine tool of resistance for enslaved Africans navigating paths to freedom.
The journey across continents also witnessed the blending of traditions and the emergence of new hair care modalities. In the face of limited resources, resourcefulness became paramount. Women repurposed available materials, adapting traditional methods to new contexts. This adaptive capacity, a hallmark of Ancestral Hair Secrets, allowed for the continuation of care even when severed from original homelands.
It speaks to a deep, ingrained understanding of hair’s needs that transcended specific ingredients, focusing instead on principles of moisture retention, protection, and gentle manipulation. This historical period, while marked by immense suffering, also showcases the profound adaptability and unbreakable spirit of these hair traditions.

Rituals of Resilience
Ancestral Hair Secrets is deeply intertwined with rituals of resilience—practices that allowed communities to maintain their spirit and identity in the face of systemic challenges. These rituals were not merely about aesthetics; they were acts of self-preservation, communal solidarity, and cultural affirmation. From the intimate moments of a mother braiding her child’s hair, sharing stories and wisdom, to larger community gatherings where hair was styled for celebrations or rites of passage, these rituals reinforced a sense of belonging and continuity. The rhythmic motions of styling, the shared laughter, and the quiet comfort exchanged during these times created a sacred space where heritage was actively lived and transmitted.
The practice of head wrapping, for instance, evolved into a powerful ritual of resilience in the diaspora. While often mandated as a sign of servitude in colonial contexts, Black women transformed the headwrap into a symbol of dignity, artistry, and defiance. The myriad ways a headwrap could be tied, the choice of fabrics, and the vibrant colors conveyed messages of status, mourning, celebration, or resistance, subtly asserting identity in environments that sought to erase it.
This adaptive reinterpretation of a practice, transforming a symbol of oppression into one of self-expression, perfectly illustrates the dynamic and enduring nature of Ancestral Hair Secrets. It is a testament to the creative spirit that continually finds ways to honor lineage and beauty, even under duress.

The Language of Adornment
Hair, through the lens of Ancestral Hair Secrets, functions as a rich, visual language. In pre-colonial African societies, hairstyles conveyed complex messages about an individual’s life stage, social standing, tribal affiliation, spiritual beliefs, and even marital status. This intricate communication system was not merely decorative; it was integral to social cohesion and personal identity.
The deliberate choice of braids, twists, or locs, adorned with beads, shells, or cowrie shells, spoke volumes without uttering a single word. This understanding of hair as a profound medium of expression, a canvas for storytelling, forms a vital aspect of Ancestral Hair Secrets.
For the Yoruba people of Nigeria, hair care and styling were deeply integrated with spiritual beliefs, considering the physical head as important as the spiritual head. Hairstyles, known as “Irun Kiko” (a form of thread-wrapping), were not only visually striking but carried meanings related to femininity, marriage, and coming-of-age rites. The deliberate arrangement of braids could indicate a woman’s marital status, fertility, or rank within the community. This deep cultural understanding, where hair was viewed as a conduit for spiritual energy connecting individuals to their ancestors and deities, underscores the profound meaning woven into every strand.
| Historical Period/Context Pre-Colonial Africa |
| Traditional Significance of Hair Identity, social status, age, marital status, spiritual connection, tribal affiliation. |
| Diasporic Adaptation/Resistance Diverse styles (braids, twists, locs) communicating lineage and community roles. |
| Historical Period/Context Transatlantic Slave Trade |
| Traditional Significance of Hair A symbol of dehumanization (forced shaving), yet also a clandestine communication tool and a link to homeland. |
| Diasporic Adaptation/Resistance Cornrows as maps; headwraps as symbols of dignity and resistance. |
| Historical Period/Context Post-Emancipation to Civil Rights |
| Traditional Significance of Hair Pressures to conform to Eurocentric standards (straightening), leading to the "good hair" vs. "bad hair" dichotomy. |
| Diasporic Adaptation/Resistance The rise of the Afro as a powerful statement of Black pride and anti-assimilation. |
| Historical Period/Context Contemporary Era |
| Traditional Significance of Hair Reclamation of natural textures, celebration of diversity, ongoing fight against hair discrimination. |
| Diasporic Adaptation/Resistance Natural hair movement as a digital and communal space for self-love and cultural affirmation. |
| Historical Period/Context The journey of textured hair reflects a continuous dialogue between inherited traditions and the evolving experiences of Black and mixed-race communities. |
The contemporary resurgence of natural hair styles across the diaspora continues this tradition of hair as a language. The embrace of Afros, braids, locs, and twists today is a powerful assertion of identity, a rejection of imposed beauty standards, and a celebration of Black heritage. It is a visual declaration of self-acceptance and a connection to ancestral aesthetics, demonstrating that the language of adornment, once a necessity for survival, remains a vibrant medium for cultural pride and personal expression. This ongoing dialogue with ancestral forms, reinterpreted for modern contexts, ensures that Ancestral Hair Secrets continues to speak volumes.

Academic
The Ancestral Hair Secrets represents a profound conceptualization, articulating the intricate interplay between the inherent biological specificities of textured hair, the enduring wisdom of ancestral care practices, and the deep psychosocial significance woven into the hair experiences of Black and mixed-race individuals. This interpretation moves beyond surface-level observations, seeking to delineate the complex mechanisms—both molecular and societal—that underpin hair health, cultural identity, and historical resilience. It posits that the “secrets” are not mystical, but rather a distillation of millennia of empirical observation, adaptation, and intergenerational knowledge transfer, often now validated or illuminated by contemporary scientific inquiry. The term encapsulates a holistic understanding of textured hair as a living, evolving repository of heritage, a dynamic system where elemental biology meets profound cultural expression.

Unraveling the Helix ❉ Biological and Biophysical Delineations
From an academic perspective, the fundamental meaning of Ancestral Hair Secrets begins with a rigorous examination of the unique biological and biophysical characteristics of textured hair. Unlike straight hair, which typically exhibits a round cross-section and a relatively uniform cuticle layer, highly coiled hair strands possess an elliptical or flattened cross-section. This distinct morphology, coupled with the frequent twists and turns along the hair shaft, creates multiple points of weakness and contributes to a higher propensity for dryness.
The cuticle scales, which ideally lie flat to protect the inner cortex, tend to lift at the bends of the coil, facilitating moisture escape and increasing susceptibility to mechanical damage. This structural reality necessitates a specific approach to care, one that prioritizes hydration, gentle manipulation, and protective styling.
The inherent elasticity and tensile strength of textured hair, while often challenged by environmental factors and improper care, are also a testament to its adaptive biology. Research in trichology and material science increasingly confirms that the unique disulfide bond distribution and keratin arrangement within the cortex of coiled hair contribute to its spring-like qualities, allowing for significant expansion and contraction. However, these very characteristics also make it more vulnerable to hygral fatigue—damage caused by repeated swelling and shrinking from water absorption and evaporation.
Ancestral practices, such as oiling and braiding, implicitly addressed these biophysical challenges, creating environments that minimized moisture loss and reduced mechanical stress, thereby preserving the hair’s natural integrity and promoting length retention. The deep understanding of these biophysical needs, long before electron microscopes existed, speaks to the acute observational skills and adaptive genius of ancestral communities.

Sociocultural Delineations ❉ Hair as a Cartography of Being
The significance of Ancestral Hair Secrets extends profoundly into the sociocultural realm, where hair functions as a complex cartography of identity, status, and collective memory. In numerous African societies prior to colonial intervention, hair served as a visible lexicon, communicating intricate details about an individual’s marital status, age, social standing, spiritual affiliations, and tribal lineage. For example, specific braiding patterns, the inclusion of certain adornments like beads or cowrie shells, or the ceremonial application of ochre-based mixtures, were not merely aesthetic choices but codified expressions of a person’s place within the community and their connection to ancestral spirits. These practices underscore hair’s role as a potent non-verbal communication system, a living testament to shared cultural values.
The transatlantic slave trade, while seeking to dismantle these cultural markers through forced shaving and the imposition of Eurocentric beauty standards, inadvertently solidified hair’s role as a symbol of resistance and a repository of collective memory. Enslaved individuals, stripped of their names, languages, and lands, clung to hair practices as a means of retaining fragments of their identity. The historical instance of enslaved women braiding rice seeds into their hair before forced migration, ensuring the survival of staple crops in new lands, illustrates hair’s function as a vessel for continuity and sustenance.
This clandestine act transformed hair into a silent, mobile archive, carrying not only sustenance but also the intangible heritage of resilience and foresight. The enduring meaning of Ancestral Hair Secrets thus encompasses this profound capacity for hair to become a site of cultural preservation and quiet rebellion, even under the most brutal conditions.
In the contemporary context, the resurgence of the natural hair movement among Black and mixed-race communities represents a powerful reclamation of these ancestral legacies. This movement is not simply a trend; it is a profound sociocultural phenomenon that challenges long-standing Eurocentric beauty norms and asserts the inherent beauty and validity of textured hair. It is a deliberate act of re-centering Black aesthetics and re-establishing a positive relationship with one’s inherited hair texture.
The collective embrace of Afros, locs, and braids becomes a visible declaration of self-acceptance, a celebration of lineage, and a political statement against systemic hair discrimination. This ongoing evolution demonstrates that Ancestral Hair Secrets is a dynamic, living tradition, continually adapting while retaining its core principles of identity, pride, and communal solidarity.

Psychological Implications ❉ Identity and the Unseen Burden
The psychological dimensions of Ancestral Hair Secrets reveal how hair profoundly shapes self-perception, mental well-being, and social interaction within Black and mixed-race communities. For generations, the societal devaluation of textured hair has imposed an unseen burden, leading to internalized pressures to conform to dominant beauty ideals. This often manifested in practices of chemical straightening or heat styling, which, while offering temporary societal acceptance, frequently compromised hair health and contributed to a disconnect from one’s natural heritage. The psychological cost of this assimilation, including feelings of inadequacy or shame regarding natural hair, has been extensively documented in sociological and psychological studies.
A significant study by Dove (2019) reported that Black women are 3.4 times more likely to be labeled unprofessional due to their hair presentation and 1.5 times more likely to be sent home from work or school citing “unprofessional hair.” This statistic powerfully illustrates the ongoing societal bias against natural textured hair, transforming a biological inheritance into a barrier to professional and social advancement. The implications extend beyond mere aesthetics, impacting self-esteem, career opportunities, and overall psychological safety. The pressure to alter one’s hair to fit Eurocentric norms is a direct consequence of this systemic bias, forcing many Black women to compromise their hair health and, at times, their sense of authentic self. This data underscores the critical importance of understanding Ancestral Hair Secrets not just as historical knowledge, but as a framework for addressing contemporary challenges and fostering psychological liberation.
The contemporary natural hair movement, therefore, carries significant psychological implications, serving as a powerful counter-narrative. By actively choosing to wear and celebrate their natural textures, individuals reclaim agency over their appearance and identity. This shift fosters increased self-love, reduces internalized racism, and cultivates a deeper connection to ancestral heritage.
Participation in online and offline natural hair communities provides vital spaces for affirmation, shared learning, and collective healing, strengthening individual and collective self-esteem. The psychological aspect of Ancestral Hair Secrets thus speaks to the profound impact of cultural affirmation on individual well-being, demonstrating how embracing one’s hair heritage can be a powerful act of self-empowerment and resilience.

Ethnobotanical Legacy ❉ Validating Ancient Wisdom
The ethnobotanical dimension of Ancestral Hair Secrets provides a scientific lens through which to examine the efficacy of traditional plant-based hair care practices. For centuries, African communities developed a sophisticated pharmacopoeia of natural ingredients, each selected for its specific properties in maintaining hair and scalp health. This knowledge, passed down through oral traditions, is now being increasingly validated by modern scientific research, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and contemporary understanding. The systematic study of these traditional uses, known as ethnobotany, reveals a remarkable alignment between ancestral observations and the biochemical composition of these plants.
Consider the widespread traditional use of ingredients such as shea butter, coconut oil, and various clays (like Rhassoul clay) for moisturizing and cleansing textured hair. Ethnobotanical surveys and chemical analyses now confirm that these substances are rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that deeply nourish the hair shaft, seal cuticles, and promote scalp health. Shea butter, derived from the karite tree, is replete with vitamins A, E, and F, offering emollient properties and UV protection, a knowledge understood and applied for millennia. Similarly, certain African plants, like Chebe powder from Chad, traditionally used for length retention, are now recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to create a protective barrier on the hair shaft, reducing breakage.
This validation underscores a crucial aspect of Ancestral Hair Secrets ❉ that ancestral practices were not simply superstitious rituals but often highly effective, empirically derived methods of care. The systematic collection and analysis of traditional knowledge, as seen in studies of African plants used for hair treatment and care, illuminate the therapeutic potential of these indigenous resources. The meticulous selection of specific plant parts—leaves, seeds, barks—and their preparation methods (infusions, decoctions, pastes) reflects a deep understanding of phytochemistry and its application to hair and scalp conditions. This ethnobotanical legacy represents a rich, untapped resource for contemporary hair science, demonstrating that the future of textured hair care can be found by looking to the wisdom of the past.
- Shea Butter ❉ A revered emollient from the African karite tree, rich in vitamins and fatty acids, traditionally used to moisturize and protect hair from environmental damage.
- Chebe Powder ❉ Originating from Chad, this blend of herbs is applied to hair to aid length retention by strengthening strands and reducing breakage.
- Rooibos Tea ❉ A South African botanical, traditionally used in rinses for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, promoting scalp health and hair quality.
- Rhassoul Clay ❉ Sourced from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, this mineral-rich clay was used for cleansing and remineralizing hair and scalp without stripping natural oils.

Future Trajectories ❉ Reclaiming and Redefining
The academic discourse surrounding Ancestral Hair Secrets is increasingly focused on its implications for future trajectories in hair care, identity formation, and social justice. The movement to reclaim natural textured hair is driving innovation in product development, emphasizing formulations that honor hair’s intrinsic needs rather than attempting to alter its fundamental structure. This shift necessitates a deeper scientific understanding of diverse hair types and a departure from Eurocentric beauty standards that have historically dominated the industry. The future of hair care for Black and mixed-race individuals lies in research that validates traditional ingredients, develops culturally attuned practices, and promotes hair health holistically.
Furthermore, the academic exploration of Ancestral Hair Secrets contributes to critical conversations about anti-Black racism and hair discrimination. By providing robust historical, sociological, and psychological evidence of hair’s significance to Black identity, scholars are advocating for policy changes, such as the CROWN Act in the United States, which prohibits discrimination based on hair texture and protective styles. This legal and social advocacy aims to dismantle systemic biases that have historically marginalized textured hair, ensuring that individuals are not penalized for expressing their cultural heritage through their hair. The continued study of Ancestral Hair Secrets thus becomes a powerful tool for promoting equity, challenging prejudice, and fostering environments where all hair textures are celebrated and respected.
The ongoing dialogue between traditional knowledge and modern science promises to redefine the landscape of textured hair care. This interdisciplinary approach, drawing from ethnobotany, anthropology, dermatology, and psychology, is creating a more comprehensive and respectful understanding of Ancestral Hair Secrets. It is an acknowledgment that the most profound insights often emerge from the confluence of ancient wisdom and contemporary inquiry, leading to solutions that are both scientifically sound and culturally resonant. The future of textured hair, viewed through this lens, is one of empowerment, self-acceptance, and a vibrant continuation of a rich, unbroken lineage of care and identity.

Reflection on the Heritage of Ancestral Hair Secrets
As we contemplate the expansive definition of Ancestral Hair Secrets , we are drawn into a profound meditation on the enduring spirit of textured hair and its interwoven heritage. It is a journey that began with the elemental biology of the strand, a testament to ancient adaptations, and continued through the tender threads of communal care, resilience, and profound cultural expression. The journey has not been without its trials, marked by the echoes of oppression and the relentless pressure to conform. Yet, through every challenge, the essence of these secrets persisted, carried forward by the unwavering spirit of those who understood that hair was never merely adornment; it was a sacred extension of self, a living connection to the past, and a powerful declaration of being.
The “Soul of a Strand” ethos, central to Roothea’s vision, finds its deepest resonance within this understanding. It is the recognition that within each coil, each kink, each wave, lies a narrative—a story of survival, creativity, and enduring beauty. This heritage is not static; it is a dynamic, living force, continually reinterpreted and celebrated by new generations.
The knowledge of ancient herbs, the wisdom of protective styles, the communal embrace of hair rituals—these are not relics of a bygone era but vibrant practices that continue to nourish not only the hair but also the spirit. To engage with Ancestral Hair Secrets is to participate in an ongoing legacy, to honor the ingenuity of our forebears, and to reaffirm the intrinsic worth of textured hair in all its glorious forms.
The unbound helix of textured hair, reaching skyward, symbolizes this journey of liberation and self-discovery. It is a powerful statement that our hair, in its natural, authentic state, is a crown of heritage, a beacon of identity, and a source of profound strength. Roothea, in its commitment to this living library, seeks to illuminate these secrets, to connect the wisdom of the past with the innovations of the present, and to inspire a future where every strand tells a story of pride, belonging, and an unbroken connection to ancestral roots. This is not just about hair care; it is about soul care, about nurturing the profound link between our outward expression and our inner heritage, allowing the beauty of our lineage to shine brightly for all to witness.

References
- Awad, G. H. et al. (2015). Reconceptualizing Beauty and Body Image Concerns Among African American Women ❉ The Role of Hair. Journal of Black Psychology.
- Byrd, A. D. & Tharps, L. (2014). Hair Story ❉ Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America. St. Martin’s Press.
- Dove. (2019). The Dove CROWN Research Study .
- Hamayun Shaheen, et al. (2012). Cosmetic ethnobotany practiced by tribal women of Kashmir Himalayas. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.
- Mbilishaka, A. et al. (2020). The Politics of Black Hair ❉ Fighting Notions of Respectability and Race-Based Hair Discrimination. Psychology Today.
- Moore, S. M. (2014). Black women’s natural hair care communities ❉ social, political, and cultural implications. Smith College.
- Mouchane, M. et al. (2021). Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used in the Treatment and Care of Hair in Karia ba Mohamed (Northern Morocco). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.
- Ngozi, M. (2024). Cosmetopoeia of African Plants in Hair Treatment and Care ❉ Topical Nutrition and the Antidiabetic Connection?. Diversity.
- Tharps, L. (2001). Hair Story ❉ Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America. St. Martin’s Press.
- Thompson, C. (2009). Black women, beauty, and hair as a matter of being. Women’s Studies.
- Walker, A. (1992). The Temple of My Familiar. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.