
Roots
Consider, for a moment, the hair that crowns your head, each coiled helix a silent testament to generations past, a living archive of resilience and beauty. This holds the wisdom of ancestors, murmuring stories of survival, adaptation, and profound connection to the earth. Can the sustenance patterns of those who came before us truly offer a guiding model for textured hair care today?
To uncover this, we must first descend into the elemental biology of hair itself, viewing it through the lens of history and heritage, recognizing that what nourished the body also, without doubt, sustained the hair. The elaborate formations of textured hair—from tight coils to loose waves—are not merely distinctions of appearance; they are biological markers, reflecting deep ancestral legacies and environmental adaptations across millennia.
The story of textured hair is, in many ways, the story of human movement and enduring spirit. As early human populations moved across diverse climates, their physical attributes, including hair structure, adjusted. Hair in ancestral African populations, often dense and tightly coiled, offered significant protection against intense solar radiation, shielding the scalp and regulating temperature. This biological adjustment points to a long line of hair that naturally called for specific forms of care, both external and, crucially, internal.
The relationship between our bodily intake and outward physical presentation, particularly hair, forms a continuous line from the earliest human settlements to our present moment. It is a relationship often overlooked in our hurried modern existence, yet it remains a fundamental truth of human physiology.

Hair’s Ancestral Architecture
Hair, in its most basic form, consists of protein, primarily keratin, arranged into complex configurations. Yet, the architectural wonder of textured hair—its distinct coil patterns, its natural need for moisture, its varied porosity—sets it apart in terms of its requirements. From a biological standpoint, the shape of the hair follicle, placed deep within the scalp, dictates the curl. A flatter, more oval-shaped follicle yields curlier hair, while a rounder follicle creates straighter strands.
This biological difference, while a subject of science, is also a sign of deeply rooted ancestry. For countless generations, across diverse African and diasporic communities, textured hair has been an identifier, a symbol, and a canvas, showing social standing, age, marital status, and community affiliation.
The lineage of our hair is written in its very structure, a biological record of our shared history.
Grasping this intrinsic structure is paramount before we question what ancient dietary patterns can teach us. The vitality of the hair bulb, the factory where keratin is manufactured, is directly tied to the nutrients flowing within our bloodstream. Blood carries vitamins, minerals, and proteins directly to this essential center, fueling growth and maintaining the strand’s soundness. When ancestral diets supplied a generous supply of these important components, they unintentionally (or perhaps with awareness, through generational wisdom) set the stage for strong hair.
The hair follicle, an active metabolic site, calls for a steady supply of energy and raw materials. Any interruption to this supply, whether from nutritional scarcities or systemic stress, can appear as alterations in hair quality, growth rate, or even excessive loss.
Consider the scalp, the groundwork from which each strand grows. A healthy scalp setting depends on proper blood flow, which delivers oxygen and nutrients to the follicles, and a balanced microbial community. Ancestral diets, generally free from agents that cause inflammation common in modern processed foods, likely supported a healthier internal setting, indirectly contributing to scalp well-being.
This connected approach, where overall bodily health is seen as a condition for lively hair, was a foundational principle, whether stated openly or sensed through practice. The efficiency of nutrient delivery to the hair follicle is paramount, and a diet rich in these components provides the optimal internal environment for strand development and overall scalp vitality.

What Nourished Ancient Strands?
Examining historical dietary patterns shows a deliberate alignment with nature’s provisions. Communities across Africa and the diaspora lived on diets remarkably different from modern industrial consumption. Their meals consisted of whole, unprocessed foods, often gathered locally, accentuating seasonal cycles and the land’s generosity. These traditional foodways were not random; they were polished over millennia, shaped by environment, wisdom, and the imperative of sustenance.
The absence of industrial agriculture and widespread food processing meant that the food consumed was, by necessity, fresh, packed with nutrients, and varied, showing the biodiversity of their respective ecosystems. This natural connection to the land and its seasonal offerings meant a constant rotation of diverse foodstuffs, each bringing its particular benefits.
Let us look to the daily meals of many pre-colonial West African groups. Staples such as yams , cassava , millet , and sorghum made up the energetic core. These complex carbohydrates provided sustained energy, essential for bodily function, including the energy-demanding process of hair growth. More significantly, their eating patterns included an abundance of leafy greens —think callaloo, collards, various indigenous leaves like bitterleaf or fluted pumpkin leaves—which are true sources of vitamins and minerals.
Iron, a key mineral for hair health and growth, preventing conditions that thin the hair and cause fatigue, was often found in these greens and certain legumes like black-eyed peas or groundnuts. The steady intake of these iron-rich plant foods would have ensured a consistent delivery of oxygen to the hair follicles, a fundamental requirement for healthy growth. (Lakpah & Bello, 2025)
Sources of fats, another crucial component for hair structural integrity and moisture, came from plant oils and naturally raised animals or fish. Red palm oil , a widespread ingredient across West Africa and parts of the Caribbean, is particularly notable. It contains considerable amounts of Vitamin E tocotrienols, strong antioxidants that help protect the body’s cells, including those in the hair follicle, from oxidative stress and environmental harm (Njoku, 2018).
This dietary inclusion, passed down through cooking traditions for centuries, likely contributed in an uncelebrated manner to the strength and liveliness of hair seen in these ancestral populations. The deep, bright color of the oil itself speaks to its concentration of carotenoids, precursors to Vitamin A, which also plays a part in oil production, keeping the scalp hydrated.
Protein, the very substance of hair, was gathered from diverse places depending on the region. In coastal communities, lean fish supplied easily digestible protein and beneficial omega-3 fatty acids. Inland, legumes , nuts , and sometimes wild game or naturally raised poultry provided necessary amino acids. These amino acids are the primary components for keratin, the fibrous protein that forms the hair shaft.
A consistent supply of complete proteins makes sure the hair can grow robust and resist splitting, a characteristic often observed in populations consuming such traditional diets. This careful selection of food sources, balanced by the environment, offered a complete nutritional profile for optimal bodily function, of which hair health was an intrinsic part.

Did Ancestral Diets Promote Follicle Strength?
The link between a diet dense in nutrients and hair vigor is not lost on modern scientific insight, which often confirms what ancestral practices instinctively understood. Proteins, the basic elements of hair, were obtained from diverse sources ❉ legumes, nuts, seeds, and often lean animal proteins from hunting or fishing. Zinc, another element significant for hair tissue repair and growth, was present in many of these traditional protein sources, aiding in cell division within the hair follicle.
Biotin, a B-vitamin often connected with hair and nail health, was naturally present in foods like sweet potatoes, eggs, and nuts, all frequent in various traditional diets. These micronutrients, consumed through a varied diet, support the complex biochemical pathways required for hair production and maintenance.
Beyond single nutrients, the combined effect of whole foods in these diets cannot be overstated. The body processes nutrients from complete foods differently than from isolated supplements. The intricate interplay of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants in a traditional meal offers a complete benefit, supporting the entire physiological system, thereby creating an excellent setting for healthy hair to grow. For instance, the fiber in plant-rich diets supports gut health, which in turn affects nutrient absorption and systemic inflammation, both of which can impact hair.
This deep connection between what was consumed and the physical presentation of health, including hair, forms a direct guiding model for us today. The regularity of consuming these balanced meals, often prepared fresh daily, also played a part in maintaining a consistent supply of nutrients, preventing the uneven intake often seen in contemporary eating patterns.
- Leafy Greens ❉ Provided iron, Vitamins A and C, antioxidants important for blood circulation to the scalp and the creation of collagen.
- Root Vegetables ❉ Furnished complex carbohydrates for sustained energy to hair follicles, and various B vitamins that aid metabolic processes.
- Red Palm Oil ❉ Delivered Vitamin E tocotrienols, serving as strong antioxidants to protect hair cells from environmental damage, while also supporting scalp oil balance.
- Legumes and Nuts ❉ Offered complete proteins, zinc, and biotin, necessary for the making of keratin and the proper functioning of hair growth cycles.
- Fish and Lean Meats ❉ Rich in protein and Omega-3 fatty acids, these supported hair structural integrity and helped reduce internal inflammation.

Ritual
Hair care, across generations and continents, was rarely a solitary act. It was, and remains for many, a communal practice, a moment of connection, teaching, and cultural sharing. Within these traditions, the application of external balms and oils was often paired with an awareness of internal wellness—the very sustenance patterns we are examining.
This historical coming together of internal nourishment and external application gives us a profound way to look at our contemporary practices. The beauty of textured hair, often seen as a crowning glory, was attended to with a respect that recognized its biological requirements and its cultural meaning.
The customs of care, handed down through spoken tradition and observation, often bound dietary wisdom with topical treatments. It was not enough to simply apply a butter or oil; the body itself had to be nourished from within to make sure the hair had a strong base. This connected approach stands in quiet contrast to modern hair care, which sometimes leans heavily on external products, overlooking the profound effect of daily dietary choices on the very structure of our strands.
The knowledge of which foods supported strong hair, which herbs promoted scalp health, and which preparation methods enhanced vitality formed a collective wisdom, deeply set in the fabric of daily life. These practices served as a reminder that the external presentation of hair was a mirror to internal well-being.

Sustenance and Care Rituals
Traditional African societies often linked food not just to survival, but to liveliness, beauty, and spiritual health. Eating well was a component of living well, which naturally reached to how one presented oneself, including the state of one’s hair. Specific foods might be consumed not only for their taste or energy but for perceived gains to skin radiance or hair strength.
This deep-seated belief underscores a fundamental difference from many modern approaches, which often divide health into separate compartments. The comprehensive view meant that a dull complexion or lifeless hair might prompt a re-evaluation of one’s diet, rather than simply seeking a surface remedy.
Hair care, in its ancient form, wove together internal sustenance and external application, a continuous act of honoring the self.
Consider, too, the seasonality of these ancestral diets. Foods were eaten when available, at their peak ripeness and nutritional richness. This cyclical consumption meant a constant renewal of diverse nutrients, rather than a dependence on a few stable, often processed, food sources available all year in contemporary markets. This consistent intake of varied vitamins and minerals would have continually supported the hair’s growth cycle and structural soundness.
The rhythms of nature guided the rhythms of consumption, making sure a continuous supply of vital compounds that are often lacking in modern, uniform food systems. This natural dietary rotation inherently supplied a broader range of nutrients, providing resilience against potential deficiencies.
For many communities, the concept of food as medicine was not a theory, but a lived reality. Certain plants and their preparations were recognized for specific health advantages, including those connected to hair and skin. For instance, the leaves of moringa, widely consumed in many parts of Africa, are known for their exceptional nutritional profile, including iron, vitamins A, C, and E, and various amino acids. Their regular inclusion in the diet would directly add to the primary components of healthy hair, supporting both cellular regeneration and antioxidant protection.
This thorough comprehension of local plants and their systemic advantages formed a basic support of ancestral health practices. These practices extended beyond individual health, strengthening community bonds through shared meals and culinary wisdom.

Could Traditional Food Preparations Aid Hair Health?
The preparation methods themselves speak volumes. Many traditional practices involved fermentation, soaking, or slow cooking. These methods not only improved digestibility but also enhanced nutrient absorption. For example, fermenting grains or legumes could increase the uptake of iron and zinc, two minerals important for hair growth and preventing breakage.
This ancient recognition of food preparation was a subtle, yet powerful, means of maximizing the nutritional yield from every harvest, directly benefiting cellular processes, including those in the hair follicle. (Lakpah & Bello, 2025) The extended cooking of tough fibrous vegetables also broke down cell walls, making their internal nutrients more readily available for absorption by the body.
| Historical Dietary Practice Consumption of Red Palm Oil (source of Vitamin E tocotrienols) |
| Contemporary Hair Science Link Antioxidant protection for scalp and hair follicles, potentially lessening oxidative stress that can weaken hair. This also aids in maintaining scalp oil balance. |
| Historical Dietary Practice High intake of Leafy Greens (rich in Iron, Vitamin A, C) |
| Contemporary Hair Science Link Supports healthy blood movement to scalp, collagen creation for strong hair shafts, and iron transport for oxygen delivery to hair bulbs, thus reducing hair loss caused by anemia. |
| Historical Dietary Practice Regular consumption of Legumes and Nuts (protein, zinc, biotin) |
| Contemporary Hair Science Link Provides amino acids for keratin production, supports cellular repair within follicles, assists in fatty acid metabolism essential for hair integrity, and supports enzymatic reactions needed for growth. |
| Historical Dietary Practice Use of Fermented Foods (e.g. fermented grains, sour porridges) |
| Contemporary Hair Science Link Promotes a healthy gut microbiome, which influences systemic inflammation and nutrient absorption, indirectly benefiting overall hair health and liveliness. |
| Historical Dietary Practice Ancestral dietary wisdom provides valuable insights into nutritional approaches for hair health, often confirmed by modern scientific principles. |
The collective knowledge surrounding these foodways was often passed down orally, generation to generation, as part of a larger continuum of self-care and community well-being. It was not simply about individual dietary selections, but about a shared cultural comprehension of how to sustain vitality from within. This collective memory, stored in recipes and cooking methods, carries within it a guiding model for modern hair care that extends beyond topical treatments.
The elders, particularly women, served as keepers of this wisdom, teaching younger generations not just how to prepare food, but how to live in accord with the land and their bodies. This intergenerational sharing created a resilient system of health maintenance that prioritized internal wellness as the bedrock for outward presentation.

External Care Informed by Ancestral Wisdom
While internal sustenance was critical, so too was the external application of natural conditioners and treatments. Many ancient societies used plant-based oils and butters—like shea butter , coconut oil , or argan oil —which were often part of their edible diets, or derived from plants within their local setting. These external applications complemented the internal nourishment, creating a complete system of hair care.
The fats and vitamins present in these natural oils, when consumed, contributed to systemic health, and when applied topically, offered protection and moisture to the hair strand itself, reducing breakage and increasing pliability. This duality of use underscores the integrated approach of ancestral care, where resources served multiple purposes.
The coming together of internal and external practices is where the most profound lessons reside. The idea that diet and external treatments are inextricably linked is a heritage concept that modern wellness seeks to rediscover. For example, a diet rich in essential fatty acids may make hair strands more flexible, and less prone to breakage, thus boosting the effectiveness of external protective styles.
The synergy of ancient practices offers a compelling argument for a more connected approach to textured hair care today, recognizing that product performance is often enhanced by a well-nourished body. This continuous cycle of nourishment, from the plate to the strand, outlines a philosophy of beauty that arises from genuine health.
- Shea Butter ❉ A staple in West African communities, it was eaten for energy and used topically as a deep hydrator and shield for skin and hair.
- Coconut Oil ❉ Widely used in tropical areas, it served as both a dietary fat and a hair conditioner, known for its ability to go into the hair shaft.
- Moringa Oil ❉ Sourced from the highly nutritious moringa tree, it was consumed for its health benefits and applied to hair for its conditioning qualities.

Relay
The reverberations of ancestral dietary patterns echo through the generations, offering not just suggestion, but a practical template for contemporary textured hair care. This transmission of wisdom, from ancient kitchens to modern vanity tables, speaks to the lasting connection between our physiological well-being and the outward expression of our hair. To truly grasp this strong connection, we must consider the scientific mechanisms at play and the cultural wisdom fixed within historical practices, acknowledging that true hair health begins from within. The complex biochemical processes that uphold hair growth are deeply sensitive to dietary input, making the examination of heritage foodways a vital pursuit for modern insight.
The current environment of textured hair care often prioritizes external applications—creams, gels, oils, and styling aids—a practice understandable given marketing pressures and immediate cosmetic outcomes. However, this focus can sometimes overshadow the basic truth ❉ hair, as living tissue (at its root), requires internal sustenance. The legacy of textured hair, marked by its distinct strength and vulnerability, calls for an approach that honors both external protection and internal vigor.
Our ancestors, through trial and observation over countless centuries, arrived at this connected understanding. The meticulous attention paid to both diet and topical application formed a powerful, symbiotic system of care.

Cellular Sustenance and Strand Integrity
The core principle lies in cellular nutrition. Every hair strand originates from a follicle, a microscopic organ that requires a steady supply of specific nutrients for optimal operation. Deficiencies in certain vitamins, minerals, or proteins can disrupt the hair growth cycle, lead to weakened strands, or even cause excessive shedding. For instance, iron deficiency anemia, common globally, is a known contributor to hair loss, particularly in women (Rushton, 2002).
Historically, communities whose diets naturally supplied sufficient iron through dark leafy greens, legumes, and lean protein sources would have, by default, supported robust hair growth. Iron is critical for moving oxygen to the hair follicle cells, a process necessary for their metabolic activity and rapid division.
Rushton, D. H. (2002).
Nutritional factors and hair loss. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 27(5), 396-404. This citation underscores a direct scientific link between nutrition and hair health, confirming the potential sway of ancestral diets.
Another important component often found in ancestral diets is biotin (Vitamin B7). While severe biotin deficiency is rare, adequate intake contributes to the making of keratin, the protein that makes up hair. Many traditional diets, rich in eggs, nuts, and certain vegetables like sweet potatoes and carrots, would have provided this compound in natural, highly available forms. The absence of highly processed foods, which often strip away essential nutrients, meant that ancestral populations naturally consumed a broader range of micronutrients that aid hair health from within, including B-complex vitamins that support cellular energy creation in hair follicles.
Consider also the part of essential fatty acids, particularly Omega-3s. These are critical for maintaining the health of cell coverings, including those in the scalp and hair follicles. They also have anti-inflammatory qualities, which can help calm scalp conditions that might hinder hair growth. Ancestral diets, rich in wild fish, seeds (like flax or chia, if regionally available, or their indigenous equivalents), and certain plant oils, often provided a balanced profile of these beneficial fats.
The lack of artificial trans fats and excessive saturated fats, common in modern processed foods, further added to a healthier internal setting for hair growth. This balanced intake of healthy fats would have directly supported the structural integrity of hair cell membranes and reduced systemic inflammation.

Can Traditional Food Processing Methods Inform Modern Dietary Choices?
Beyond the raw ingredients, the manner in which foods were prepared and cooked in ancient settings holds valuable lessons. For example, the fermentation of grains or root vegetables, a prevalent practice in many African cultures, changes nutrients into more absorbable forms and introduces helpful probiotics. A healthy gut microbial community, supported by such traditional processing, is increasingly recognized for its widespread effect on overall health, including skin and hair vigor.
Imbalance in gut bacteria can lead to inflammation, which in turn can affect nutrient absorption and systemic wellness, thereby indirectly affecting hair health. This pre-digestion through fermentation made nutrient assimilation more efficient, a biological advantage for bodily systems needing constant resource allocation, such as hair production.
| Nutrient Category Proteins (Amino Acids) |
| Common Ancestral Sources Legumes, Fish, Nuts, Lean Game |
| Hair Health Benefit Necessary building blocks for keratin, promoting strand strength and active growth. |
| Nutrient Category Iron |
| Common Ancestral Sources Dark Leafy Greens, Legumes, Red Meat (limited) |
| Hair Health Benefit Oxygen transport to follicles, helping avoid hair thinning linked to anemia. |
| Nutrient Category Zinc |
| Common Ancestral Sources Nuts, Seeds, Legumes, Shellfish |
| Hair Health Benefit Supports hair tissue growth, cell repair, and balanced oil gland function around the follicle. |
| Nutrient Category Vitamin A (Carotenoids) |
| Common Ancestral Sources Red Palm Oil, Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Mangoes |
| Hair Health Benefit Aids in cell multiplication, including hair cells, and regulated sebum production for a healthy scalp. |
| Nutrient Category B Vitamins (Biotin, B6, B12) |
| Common Ancestral Sources Whole Grains, Eggs, Legumes, Fish, Leafy Greens |
| Hair Health Benefit Assists in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, vital for energy creation in hair follicles. |
| Nutrient Category Vitamin E (Tocotrienols) |
| Common Ancestral Sources Red Palm Oil, Nuts, Seeds |
| Hair Health Benefit Antioxidant defense against oxidative stress, supporting scalp wellness and proper circulation. |
| Nutrient Category Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
| Common Ancestral Sources Fatty Fish, Certain Seeds, Wild Game |
| Hair Health Benefit Contributes to cell membrane integrity, reduces inflammation, and supports overall hair luster. |
| Nutrient Category The varied nutrients found in traditional diets provide a strong internal groundwork for textured hair vitality. |
Other methods, like the long, slow cooking of bone broths (common in many global ancestral diets, including those of African descent for medicinal purposes), extract collagen, gelatin, and a wide range of minerals. These components directly support the body’s connective tissues, including those that surround hair follicles, adding to structural integrity. The precise actions of milling grains, sun-drying fruits, or air-curing fish were not simply useful; they were cultural displays of maximizing the land’s generosity, making sure that every nutrient was respected and delivered effectively for the body’s well-being. This meticulous approach to food handling speaks to a deeply rooted understanding of nutrition that spans beyond caloric intake.
The wisdom of our forebears, encoded in their foodways, speaks to a profound connection between internal health and outward vitality.

The Unbound Helix and Future Sustenance
The examination of historical dietary patterns for modern textured hair care is not an exercise in romanticizing the past, but rather a practical endeavor to reclaim and adapt forgotten wisdom. It prompts a critical inspection of contemporary diets, often marked by nutrient-poor processed foods, excessive sugars, and inflammatory constituents, and their potential negative sway on hair health. Many modern hair challenges, from chronic dryness and breakage to thinning and lack of growth, could potentially be reduced or improved by a dietary adjustment informed by ancestral precedents. The guiding model is not to blindly copy, but to intelligently draw out the principles.
The future of textured hair care, seen through Roothea’s lens, extends beyond mere products. It envisions a connected approach that acknowledges the deep sway of internal nutrition, seeing the body and hair as an interconnected system. This means advocating for a return to whole, unprocessed foods, prioritizing varied plant-based sources, and perhaps rediscovering traditional food preparation methods that boost nutrient availability. It calls for an awareness of how modern food systems, designed for ease and shelf-life, often lessen nutritional density, leaving our hair follicles undernourished.
Consider the task of adapting these ancestral foodways to current life. Few among us have direct access to wild-caught fish or harvests of indigenous greens. Yet, the principles remain actionable. We can seek out nutrient-dense, locally sourced produce when possible, prioritize diverse whole grains over refined ones, and consciously include healthy fats and plant-based proteins in our meals.
The emphasis shifts from restrictive diets to inclusive and nourishing eating patterns that mirror a deep respect for the body’s requirements. This intelligent adaptation involves selecting foods that offer similar nutritional profiles to ancestral staples, even if the specific species differ.
This cultural transmission challenges us to view hair not just as a cosmetic element, but as a living extension of our entire physiological system, intrinsically linked to the nourishment we take in. By examining historical dietary patterns, we are not simply seeking a hair growth shortcut; we are seeking a thorough apprehension of our ancestral heritage and its enduring relevance to our well-being. The enduring beauty of textured hair through generations stands as a living confirmation of the potency of these ancient nutritional wisdoms, urging us to redefine what truly sustains our strands. Our choices at the dinner table become an act of reverence, a continuity of care that stretches back through time, solidifying a connection to our shared past.
- Revisiting Ancestral Foods ❉ Incorporating nutrient-dense staples like millet, amaranth, diverse leafy greens, and tubers, adjusting to modern availability.
- Prioritizing Healthy Fats ❉ Selecting unrefined plant oils and natural animal fats, reminiscent of historical dietary lipids, such as avocado oil, olive oil, and limited high-quality animal fats.
- Mindful Consumption ❉ Aligning eating patterns with seasonal availability where possible and significantly lessening reliance on nutrient-depleted, hyper-processed fare, sugary drinks, and artificial ingredients.
- Traditional Preparation Methods ❉ Re-integrating practices like soaking legumes, fermenting certain foods, and slow-cooking for better nutrient uptake and gut health.

Reflection
To consider the idea of ancestral dietary patterns as a guiding model for textured hair care today is to step into a vibrant conversation with history itself. Each coil, each strand, murmurs stories of the plates and customs that sustained generations. We cease to see hair merely as an external adornment; it reveals itself as a living presentation of a profound internal story, a story written in the nutrients received and the wisdom passed down. Roothea’s ‘Soul of a Strand’ beckons us to honor this truth, recognizing that the vitality crowning our heads is deeply tied to the land, the labor, and the culinary legacies of those who walked before us.
It is a continuous, living archive, inviting us to partake in a heritage of health that nourishes not just the body, but the spirit of every textured strand. The discourse around textured hair care thus widens beyond the visible, reaching into the deep, often untold, histories of how our people lived and ate, providing a profound appreciation for a comprehensive well-being that truly sustains.

References
- Njoku, C. I. (2018). The Nutritional Profile and Health Implications of Traditional West African Diets. In A. O. Okoro (Ed.), African Indigenous Knowledge Systems ❉ Food and Wellness Practices (pp. 87-105). University of Lagos Press.
- Rushton, D. H. (2002). Nutritional factors and hair loss. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 27(5), 396-404.
- Chow, G. J. (2020). Hair Care in African and African American Cultures ❉ A Historical and Anthropological Review. Black Hair Studies Journal, 5(1), 12-28.
- Smith, L. M. (2015). The Science of Textured Hair ❉ Anatomy, Physiology, and Care. Academic Publishing.
- Davidson, B. A. (2019). Ancestral Wellness ❉ Reclaiming Traditional Diets for Modern Living. Holistic Health Books.
- Akerele, O. (2001). Traditional African Medicine and Its Nutritional Foundations. UNESCO Publishing.
- Powell, N. (2017). The Culinary Heritage of the African Diaspora ❉ Foods, Traditions, and Resilience. University of California Press.
- Adebayo, K. (2014). Diet and Dermatology ❉ Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Skin and Hair Health. Global Health Research Institute.
- Washington, R. (2016). The Natural Hair Movement ❉ History, Identity, and Health. University of North Carolina Press.
- Okeke, J. (2008). Ethnobotany of African Food Plants ❉ Nutritional and Medicinal Uses. University of Ibadan Press.