# Tignon History ❉ Area ❉ Wisdom 3

---

## What is the connection between Meaning and Tignon History?

Tignon History quietly recounts the 1786 Louisiana edict, a legal mandate requiring free women of color to cover their natural hair with a tignon or headwrap in public. This measure, designed to enforce social distinction and hierarchy, inadvertently sparked a powerful display of self-possession and ingenuity among those it sought to diminish. Instead of obscuring their identities, these women adorned their tignons with vibrant fabrics, ribbons, and jewels, transforming a symbol of subjugation into an affirmation of their distinct heritage and personal grace. This historical practice offers a foundational understanding for textured hair communities, illustrating the deep-rooted capacity for adaptation and stylistic innovation even amidst challenging circumstances. It reveals how the systematization of hair presentation, whether through enforced coverings or intentional styling choices, has long been a means of cultural preservation and self-expression within Black and mixed-race hair traditions. For practical application today, the legacy of the tignon encourages a thoughtful approach to headwraps and protective styles, recognizing them not merely as coverings but as deliberate statements of identity, comfort, and a gentle nod to a rich ancestral past. This historical lens helps contextualize the enduring connection between Black hair, personal agency, and the quiet strength found in every coil and strand.


---

## [How Did the Tignon Laws Influence Black Hair Care Heritage?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-hair-care-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws, enacted in 1786 in Louisiana, forced Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed these headwraps into symbols of resistance and enduring heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Redefine Headwear for Black Women?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-redefine-headwear-for-black-women/)

The Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed it into a powerful expression of heritage and defiance. ❉ Question

## [What Was the Specific Aim of the Tignon Laws in Louisiana?](https://roothea.co/what-was-the-specific-aim-of-the-tignon-laws-in-louisiana/)

The Tignon Laws aimed to diminish Black women's social standing by forcing them to cover hair, but sparked a powerful heritage of expressive defiance. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Law Reshape Public Appearance?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-reshape-public-appearance/)

The Tignon Law compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed mandated wraps into bold, personal expressions of cultural heritage. ❉ Question

## [What Ancestral Hair Traditions Did Tignon Laws Target?](https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-hair-traditions-did-tignon-laws-target/)

The Tignon laws targeted Black women's elaborate hair expressions of identity, status, and heritage, seeking to enforce colonial racial hierarchies. ❉ Question

## [What Ancient Ingredients Preserved Textured Hair?](https://roothea.co/what-ancient-ingredients-preserved-textured-hair/)

Ancient ingredients preserved textured hair through natural oils, butters, and botanicals, deeply rooted in ancestral heritage for moisture and strength. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Shape Headwrap Heritage?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws compelled head coverings, unintentionally strengthening headwraps as symbols of Black women's enduring textured hair heritage and defiance. ❉ Question

## [What Impact Did the Tignon Laws Have on Black Women's Heritage?](https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a powerful reclaiming of textured hair heritage through artistic headwraps and enduring cultural resistance. ❉ Question

## [What Impact Did the Tignon Laws Have on Black Women's Hair Heritage?](https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-hair-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws inadvertently spurred creativity in headwrap artistry, strengthening Black women's hair heritage and defiant identity. ❉ Question

## [How Did Textured Hair Heritage Influence Resistance to the Tignon Law?](https://roothea.co/how-did-textured-hair-heritage-influence-resistance-to-the-tignon-law/)

Textured hair heritage inspired defiant adornment of tignons, transforming a symbol of oppression into cultural pride. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Alter Hair Expression?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-alter-hair-expression/)

The Tignon Laws altered hair expression by compelling head coverings, which women transformed into defiant fashion statements of heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Free Women of Color Transform the Tignon Law's Oppressive Mandate?](https://roothea.co/how-did-free-women-of-color-transform-the-tignon-laws-oppressive-mandate/)

Free women of color transformed the Tignon Law's headwrap mandate into elaborate, defiant statements of enduring cultural heritage and identity. ❉ Question

## [What Was the Main Aim of Tignon Laws?](https://roothea.co/what-was-the-main-aim-of-tignon-laws/)

The Tignon Laws aimed to control free women of color by mandating head coverings, intending to suppress their social standing and inherent attractiveness. ❉ Question

## [What Enduring Legacy Did the Tignon Laws Leave on Textured Hair Heritage?](https://roothea.co/what-enduring-legacy-did-the-tignon-laws-leave-on-textured-hair-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a legacy of resistance, transforming headwraps into powerful symbols of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Influence Self-Expression?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-self-expression/)

Tignon Laws, meant to suppress, sparked a defiant self-expression through elaborate headwraps, solidifying textured hair heritage as a symbol of resilience. ❉ Question

## [In What Ways Do Historical Hair Laws like the Tignon Law Continue to Shape Textured Hair Experiences Today?](https://roothea.co/in-what-ways-do-historical-hair-laws-like-the-tignon-law-continue-to-shape-textured-hair-experiences-today/)

Historical hair laws like the Tignon Law continue to shape textured hair experiences through lingering biases and the powerful reclamation of heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Law Affect Hair Care?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-affect-hair-care/)

The Tignon Law forced free Black women to cover their hair, but they transformed wraps into defiant expressions of cultural heritage. ❉ Question

## [What Is the Lasting Effect of Tignon Laws on Textured Hair?](https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-effect-of-tignon-laws-on-textured-hair/)

The Tignon Laws, intended to diminish Black women, instead ignited a powerful cultural reclamation, transforming forced head coverings into radiant symbols of heritage and defiance. ❉ Question

## [What Ancestral Knowledge Does Textured Hair Oiling Transmit across Generations?](https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-knowledge-does-textured-hair-oiling-transmit-across-generations/)

Textured hair oiling transmits ancestral wisdom of botanicals, styling, and holistic wellbeing across generations. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Laws Transform Headwear's Heritage for Black Women?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-transform-headwears-heritage-for-black-women/)

Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover hair, yet they transformed headwraps into symbols of cultural pride and enduring heritage. ❉ Question

## [Louisiana Tignon](https://roothea.co/louisiana-tignon/)

Meaning ❉ The Louisiana Tignon is a historical head covering that became a symbol of cultural defiance and identity for women of color. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Influence Textured Hair?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-textured-hair/)

The Tignon Laws, enacted in 1786 New Orleans, forced Black women to cover their hair, yet prompted a powerful display of cultural resilience and defiant self-expression. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Shape Heritage?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-heritage/)

The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress, instead spurred creative resistance, shaping textured hair heritage as a symbol of identity. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Laws Shape Black Women's Public Expression?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-shape-black-womens-public-expression/)

The Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed these coverings into symbols of defiant beauty and heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Influence Black Women's Self-Expression?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-self-expression/)

Tignon Laws forced Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed wraps into defiant expressions of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question

## [What Is the Lasting Cultural Significance of the Tignon Law?](https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-cultural-significance-of-the-tignon-law/)

The Tignon Law, meant to suppress, became a powerful symbol of Black women's creative defiance and enduring textured hair heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Law Change Hair Expression?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-change-hair-expression/)

The Tignon Law compelled women of color to cover their hair, paradoxically transforming headwraps into powerful symbols of defiance and cultural pride within textured hair heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Control Black Women's Appearance?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-control-black-womens-appearance/)

The Tignon Laws aimed to control Black women's appearance by forcing head coverings, yet they sparked powerful expressions of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question

## [How Did Tignon Laws Shape Headwrap Traditions?](https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-traditions/)

The Tignon Laws initially sought to diminish Black women's status but catalyzed the headwrap's transformation into a symbol of defiance and cultural pride. ❉ Question

## [How Did the Tignon Laws Influence Black Women's Hair Practices?](https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-hair-practices/)

The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a transformative redefinition of textured hair heritage through artistic headwraps and resilient self-expression. ❉ Question

---

## Raw Schema Data

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
    "itemListElement": [
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 1,
            "name": "Home",
            "item": "https://roothea.co/"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 2,
            "name": "Area",
            "item": "https://roothea.co/area/"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 3,
            "name": "Tignon History",
            "item": "https://roothea.co/area/tignon-history/"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 4,
            "name": "Wisdom 3",
            "item": "https://roothea.co/area/tignon-history/wisdom/3/"
        }
    ]
}
```

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "FAQPage",
    "mainEntity": [
        {
            "@type": "Question",
            "name": "What is the connection between Meaning and Tignon History?",
            "acceptedAnswer": {
                "@type": "Answer",
                "text": "Tignon History quietly recounts the 1786 Louisiana edict, a legal mandate requiring free women of color to cover their natural hair with a tignon or headwrap in public. This measure, designed to enforce social distinction and hierarchy, inadvertently sparked a powerful display of self-possession and ingenuity among those it sought to diminish. Instead of obscuring their identities, these women adorned their tignons with vibrant fabrics, ribbons, and jewels, transforming a symbol of subjugation into an affirmation of their distinct heritage and personal grace. This historical practice offers a foundational understanding for textured hair communities, illustrating the deep-rooted capacity for adaptation and stylistic innovation even amidst challenging circumstances. It reveals how the systematization of hair presentation, whether through enforced coverings or intentional styling choices, has long been a means of cultural preservation and self-expression within Black and mixed-race hair traditions. For practical application today, the legacy of the tignon encourages a thoughtful approach to headwraps and protective styles, recognizing them not merely as coverings but as deliberate statements of identity, comfort, and a gentle nod to a rich ancestral past. This historical lens helps contextualize the enduring connection between Black hair, personal agency, and the quiet strength found in every coil and strand."
            }
        }
    ]
}
```

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "CollectionPage",
    "headline": "Tignon History ❉ Area ❉ Wisdom 3",
    "description": "Meaning ❉ Tignon History quietly recounts the 1786 Louisiana edict, a legal mandate requiring free women of color to cover their natural hair with a tignon or headwrap in public. This measure, designed to enforce social distinction and hierarchy, inadvertently sparked a powerful display of self-possession and ingenuity among those it sought to diminish.",
    "url": "https://roothea.co/area/tignon-history/wisdom/3/",
    "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "Roothea"
    },
    "hasPart": [
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-hair-care-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-hair-care-heritage/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Laws Influence Black Hair Care Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, enacted in 1786 in Louisiana, forced Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed these headwraps into symbols of resistance and enduring heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T13:58:22+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-06T13:58:22+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/abstract-bamboo-texture-demonstrating-natural-patterns-of-growth-and.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The repetitive arrangement of bamboo stalks, accentuated by light and shadow, creates a visually captivating texture, resonating with the interwoven narrative of heritage. These stalks mirror the strength found in traditional hair care philosophies, reflecting holistic approaches to textured hair health and expressiveness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-redefine-headwear-for-black-women/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-redefine-headwear-for-black-women/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Redefine Headwear for Black Women?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed it into a powerful expression of heritage and defiance. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T13:44:19+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-06T13:44:19+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/black-and-white-portrait-of-woman-with-coiled-afro-textured-hair-style.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The interplay of light and shadow on her face, partially veiled by her hair's coiled halo, suggests introspection and strength. This striking portrait celebrates natural coiled texture and is a powerful representation of ancestral beauty, resonating deeply with cultural heritage and individual expression, and advocating mindful hair wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-was-the-specific-aim-of-the-tignon-laws-in-louisiana/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-was-the-specific-aim-of-the-tignon-laws-in-louisiana/",
            "headline": "What Was the Specific Aim of the Tignon Laws in Louisiana?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws aimed to diminish Black women's social standing by forcing them to cover hair, but sparked a powerful heritage of expressive defiance. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T13:14:37+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-06T13:14:37+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/bold-black-woman-with-braided-protective-style-asserting-natural-beauty.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The photograph captures the essence of confidence in Black beauty, featuring a woman with intricately braided hair. Her expressive eyes convey resilience, mirroring the rich cultural legacy woven into her protective hairstyle, honoring ancestral techniques and celebrating the artistic expression found in Black hair traditions."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-reshape-public-appearance/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-reshape-public-appearance/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Law Reshape Public Appearance?",
            "description": "The Tignon Law compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed mandated wraps into bold, personal expressions of cultural heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T12:41:31+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-06T12:41:31+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-of-model-with-bold-hair-design-in-shadow-play.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This portrait encapsulates edgy modern aesthetics in textured hair art, with a clean palette drawing focus on bold design. The monochrome intensifies sculptural shapes, celebrating both innovation and the power of self-expression through unique aesthetic design."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-hair-traditions-did-tignon-laws-target/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-hair-traditions-did-tignon-laws-target/",
            "headline": "What Ancestral Hair Traditions Did Tignon Laws Target?",
            "description": "The Tignon laws targeted Black women's elaborate hair expressions of identity, status, and heritage, seeking to enforce colonial racial hierarchies. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T12:40:24+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-06T12:40:24+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-woman-with-long-blonde-locs-and-modern-jewelry.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This striking portrait captures the essence of modern African diaspora beauty, showcasing elaborate blonde locs cascading beautifully. Adorned with elegant silver jewelry, she embodies identity and power, offering a unique celebration of ancestral heritage in contemporary hairstyling expression and wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-ancient-ingredients-preserved-textured-hair/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-ancient-ingredients-preserved-textured-hair/",
            "headline": "What Ancient Ingredients Preserved Textured Hair?",
            "description": "Ancient ingredients preserved textured hair through natural oils, butters, and botanicals, deeply rooted in ancestral heritage for moisture and strength. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-06T02:03:33+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-08T05:40:00+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/black-and-white-portrait-of-woman-with-coiled-afro-textured-hair-style.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The interplay of light and shadow on her face, partially veiled by her hair's coiled halo, suggests introspection and strength. This striking portrait celebrates natural coiled texture and is a powerful representation of ancestral beauty, resonating deeply with cultural heritage and individual expression, and advocating mindful hair wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-heritage/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Shape Headwrap Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws compelled head coverings, unintentionally strengthening headwraps as symbols of Black women's enduring textured hair heritage and defiance. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T17:12:38+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T17:12:39+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-of-woman-with-braided-crown-and-head-wrap-style.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This portrait resonates with self-assured elegance. A symbol of resilience, protective styling in the form of braided hair and head wraps, speaks to ancestral heritage and holistic hair care while honoring cultural identity."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-heritage/",
            "headline": "What Impact Did the Tignon Laws Have on Black Women's Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a powerful reclaiming of textured hair heritage through artistic headwraps and enduring cultural resistance. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T16:14:08+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T16:14:08+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochromatic-braided-hairstyle-on-dark-textured-hair-artistic-arrangement.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The monochromatic artistic depiction evokes deeper reflection on cultural heritage while celebrating the beauty of expertly braided textured hair formations. Each braid tells a story of ancestral connections and personal expression as a form of individual empowerment, revealing the transformative art and cultural significance of specialized styling."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-hair-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-impact-did-the-tignon-laws-have-on-black-womens-hair-heritage/",
            "headline": "What Impact Did the Tignon Laws Have on Black Women's Hair Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws inadvertently spurred creativity in headwrap artistry, strengthening Black women's hair heritage and defiant identity. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T16:02:35+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T16:02:36+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/generational-hands-braiding-black-textured-hair-ancestral-tradition-and.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "A black and white image resonates deeply through showcasing the passing down of cultural knowledge via hands intertwining kinky hair. This familial moment celebrates heritage, highlights the intricate artistry of black hairstyling traditions, and emphasizes commitment to natural hair care within an intergenerational black family dynamic, enhancing porosity."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-textured-hair-heritage-influence-resistance-to-the-tignon-law/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-textured-hair-heritage-influence-resistance-to-the-tignon-law/",
            "headline": "How Did Textured Hair Heritage Influence Resistance to the Tignon Law?",
            "description": "Textured hair heritage inspired defiant adornment of tignons, transforming a symbol of oppression into cultural pride. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T12:05:05+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T12:05:05+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/woman-practices-holistic-textured-hair-care-ritual-in-natural-setting.jpg",
                "width": 3072,
                "height": 3072,
                "caption": "Inspired by nature’s bounty, the image captures a deeply personal ritual, reflecting the essence of traditional textured hair care practices passed down through generations. This moment illustrates ancestral heritage, fostering healing and celebrates the inherent beauty found in the union of nature, holistic self-care, and textured hair identity."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-alter-hair-expression/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-alter-hair-expression/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Alter Hair Expression?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws altered hair expression by compelling head coverings, which women transformed into defiant fashion statements of heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T12:04:39+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T12:04:40+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/striking-portrait-of-elegant-woman-featuring-coiled-afro-and-braided-hair-design.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This compelling portrait captures the essence of self-expression through a classic coiled hairstyle combined with braiding. It also celebrates the beauty of texture in diverse Black hair traditions."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-free-women-of-color-transform-the-tignon-laws-oppressive-mandate/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-free-women-of-color-transform-the-tignon-laws-oppressive-mandate/",
            "headline": "How Did Free Women of Color Transform the Tignon Law's Oppressive Mandate?",
            "description": "Free women of color transformed the Tignon Law's headwrap mandate into elaborate, defiant statements of enduring cultural heritage and identity. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T11:50:24+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T11:50:24+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/women-braiding-textured-hair-cultural-exchange-and-hair-care-practices.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "Women braid textured hair, passing down ancestral techniques in a scene celebrating Black hair traditions. This practice demonstrates deep commitment to heritage while emphasizing beauty, self-expression, and the significance of communal support for holistic hair wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-was-the-main-aim-of-tignon-laws/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-was-the-main-aim-of-tignon-laws/",
            "headline": "What Was the Main Aim of Tignon Laws?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws aimed to control free women of color by mandating head coverings, intending to suppress their social standing and inherent attractiveness. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T11:14:37+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T11:14:38+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/contemplative-woman-with-afro-hairstyle-on-rocky-coast-in-black-and-white.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "Standing with poised strength, the windswept woman against the stark coastal backdrop embodies a blend of resilience and artistry, the dramatic lighting accentuating the striking contrast and the afro's gravity-defying coils while her cello case hints at music's potential to bridge the space between inner emotion and wild nature."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-enduring-legacy-did-the-tignon-laws-leave-on-textured-hair-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-enduring-legacy-did-the-tignon-laws-leave-on-textured-hair-heritage/",
            "headline": "What Enduring Legacy Did the Tignon Laws Leave on Textured Hair Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a legacy of resistance, transforming headwraps into powerful symbols of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T11:06:49+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T11:06:49+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochromatic-portrait-of-a-young-woman-with-natural-afro-hair-style.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This evocative black and white image captures the essence of natural hair expression, celebrates the cultural significance of Afro hair, and provides a glimpse into the journey of self-discovery, while showcasing the artful shaping of resilient strands into a statement of heritage and beauty."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-self-expression/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-self-expression/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Influence Self-Expression?",
            "description": "Tignon Laws, meant to suppress, sparked a defiant self-expression through elaborate headwraps, solidifying textured hair heritage as a symbol of resilience. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T11:06:48+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T11:06:49+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-of-woman-with-elaborate-waved-hair-and-braided-details.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This elegant monochrome portrait captures the beauty of textured hair formations, showcasing an artful blend of flowing waves and intricate braids that celebrate Black hair traditions. The image evokes a sense of heritage and ancestral connection through expressive styling."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/in-what-ways-do-historical-hair-laws-like-the-tignon-law-continue-to-shape-textured-hair-experiences-today/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/in-what-ways-do-historical-hair-laws-like-the-tignon-law-continue-to-shape-textured-hair-experiences-today/",
            "headline": "In What Ways Do Historical Hair Laws like the Tignon Law Continue to Shape Textured Hair Experiences Today?",
            "description": "Historical hair laws like the Tignon Law continue to shape textured hair experiences through lingering biases and the powerful reclamation of heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T09:27:23+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T09:27:24+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/hammered-silver-hair-pin-for-styling-textured-hair-ancestral-adornment.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The hairpin's textured surface evokes a sense of timelessness, connecting contemporary styling practices with ancestral adornment. This decorative piece symbolizes the rich history of textured hair expression and celebrates heritage through intentional haircare routines, representing a powerful connection to wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-affect-hair-care/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-affect-hair-care/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Law Affect Hair Care?",
            "description": "The Tignon Law forced free Black women to cover their hair, but they transformed wraps into defiant expressions of cultural heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T08:45:15+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T08:45:16+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-of-black-woman-with-platinum-blonde-coiled-short-hair.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This monochrome portrait honors the beauty of Black women through a lens of strength and artistic choice, reflecting individual style within rich cultural narratives. The platinum coiled hairstyle celebrates self expression and unique pattern, connecting modern aesthetics with historical roots."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-effect-of-tignon-laws-on-textured-hair/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-effect-of-tignon-laws-on-textured-hair/",
            "headline": "What Is the Lasting Effect of Tignon Laws on Textured Hair?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, intended to diminish Black women, instead ignited a powerful cultural reclamation, transforming forced head coverings into radiant symbols of heritage and defiance. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T06:41:58+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T06:41:58+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/confident-woman-speaks-at-microphone-textured-coiled-hair-portrait-black-and.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This expressive black and white portrait captures a confident woman addressing a crowd, her voice amplified by the microphone, while radiant skin and textured coils become symbols of resilience and identity. The image suggests a fusion of self-expression and ancestral heritage, amplified through natural hair celebration."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-knowledge-does-textured-hair-oiling-transmit-across-generations/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-ancestral-knowledge-does-textured-hair-oiling-transmit-across-generations/",
            "headline": "What Ancestral Knowledge Does Textured Hair Oiling Transmit across Generations?",
            "description": "Textured hair oiling transmits ancestral wisdom of botanicals, styling, and holistic wellbeing across generations. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T05:33:30+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-08T00:26:20+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-vintage-hair-pick-detailed-texture-ancestral-heritage-beauty-tool.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This vintage hair pick, immortalized in monochrome, speaks volumes about ancestral beauty rituals and the enduring legacy of textured hair traditions. Its robust form emphasizes the enduring practices in textured hair care, echoing ancestral wisdom passed through generations and holistic wellness."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-transform-headwears-heritage-for-black-women/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-transform-headwears-heritage-for-black-women/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Laws Transform Headwear's Heritage for Black Women?",
            "description": "Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover hair, yet they transformed headwraps into symbols of cultural pride and enduring heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-05T01:58:26+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-05T01:58:27+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/person-combing-dark-coiled-hair-with-wooden-wide-toothed-comb.jpg",
                "width": 4224,
                "height": 2304,
                "caption": "This intimate monochromatic image showcases a mindful approach to dark, coiled hair maintenance through controlled combing, symbolizing a deep connection to ancestral grooming traditions and the art of nurturing one's unique textured hair identity with simple yet effective practices like using quality care products."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/louisiana-tignon/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/louisiana-tignon/",
            "headline": "Louisiana Tignon",
            "description": "Meaning ❉ The Louisiana Tignon is a historical head covering that became a symbol of cultural defiance and identity for women of color. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T18:44:22+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T18:44:23+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/generational-braiding-heritage-diverse-hands-styling-natural-textured-hair-coils.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "Within an intimate, intergenerational setting, women collaborate, passing down ancestral braiding techniques, celebrating diverse hands styling while addressing the nuances of low porosity high-density coils, applying emollient products and showcasing Fulani braiding artistry and holistic hair care. The Madrasi head tie is showcased for identity."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-textured-hair/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-textured-hair/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Influence Textured Hair?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, enacted in 1786 New Orleans, forced Black women to cover their hair, yet prompted a powerful display of cultural resilience and defiant self-expression. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T18:39:55+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T18:39:55+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/sophisticated-portrait-of-woman-with-braided-hair-in-elegant-updo-style.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The elegant updo and carefully articulated cornrows in this portrait speak to the rich heritage of Black hair artistry, offering a powerful statement about identity, self-expression, and the deep cultural roots interwoven within each strand and its unique formation."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-heritage/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-heritage/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Shape Heritage?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress, instead spurred creative resistance, shaping textured hair heritage as a symbol of identity. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T16:15:10+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T16:15:10+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/striking-monochrome-portrait-of-black-woman-with-locs-highlighted-by-backlight.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "Illuminated by ethereal backlight, the Black woman's locs become a symbol of cultural pride and resilience. This portrait celebrates the beauty and unique textures in afro textured hair, an invitation to contemplate identity and the profound connection to ancestral roots, while presenting her hair texture details."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-shape-black-womens-public-expression/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-shape-black-womens-public-expression/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Laws Shape Black Women's Public Expression?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws compelled Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed these coverings into symbols of defiant beauty and heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T14:45:22+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T14:45:22+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochrome-portrait-of-black-woman-with-platinum-blonde-coiled-short-hair.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This monochrome portrait honors the beauty of Black women through a lens of strength and artistic choice, reflecting individual style within rich cultural narratives. The platinum coiled hairstyle celebrates self expression and unique pattern, connecting modern aesthetics with historical roots."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-self-expression/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-self-expression/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Influence Black Women's Self-Expression?",
            "description": "Tignon Laws forced Black women to cover their hair, yet they transformed wraps into defiant expressions of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T14:23:44+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T14:23:44+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/childs-artistry-fulani-braids-sebaceous-balance-black-hair-beach-heritage.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "With meticulous care, the child etches designs in the sand, their Fulani braids a testament to ancestral heritage and protective styling traditions. Sebaceous balance and high-density coil care are subtly present, a tender depiction of self-expression within Black Hair Traditions through art and cultural roots."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-cultural-significance-of-the-tignon-law/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/what-is-the-lasting-cultural-significance-of-the-tignon-law/",
            "headline": "What Is the Lasting Cultural Significance of the Tignon Law?",
            "description": "The Tignon Law, meant to suppress, became a powerful symbol of Black women's creative defiance and enduring textured hair heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T14:15:33+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T14:15:33+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/women-sharing-food-preparation-ancestral-heritage-and-hair-care-traditions.jpg",
                "width": 3072,
                "height": 3072,
                "caption": "The image captures women’s involvement in food preparation alongside their head coverings reflective of cultural heritage, suggesting shared ancestral knowledge, with possible references to ingredients and practices that resonate with holistic textured hair wellness and traditions of beauty within their communities."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-change-hair-expression/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-law-change-hair-expression/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Law Change Hair Expression?",
            "description": "The Tignon Law compelled women of color to cover their hair, paradoxically transforming headwraps into powerful symbols of defiance and cultural pride within textured hair heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T14:14:28+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T14:14:28+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/intergenerational-portraiture-of-african-descent-women-displaying-textured-hair.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This image celebrates the legacy of textured hair through intergenerational African diaspora women, highlighting the enduring connection between cultural identity and ancestral hair styling with intricate braids and a headwrap, illuminating a profound narrative of heritage, beauty, and shared experience."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-control-black-womens-appearance/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-control-black-womens-appearance/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Control Black Women's Appearance?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws aimed to control Black women's appearance by forcing head coverings, yet they sparked powerful expressions of textured hair heritage. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T13:47:36+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T13:47:36+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/striking-portrait-of-a-young-person-with-braided-hair-adorned-with-cowrie-shells.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "The image evokes a serene yet intense presence, showcasing rich cultural heritage through traditional braided styling, emphasizing cowrie shells and white cosmetic markings on the textured Afro hair. The child's deep gaze invites reflection on identity, beauty standards, and the timeless power of inherited aesthetics."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-traditions/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-tignon-laws-shape-headwrap-traditions/",
            "headline": "How Did Tignon Laws Shape Headwrap Traditions?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws initially sought to diminish Black women's status but catalyzed the headwrap's transformation into a symbol of defiance and cultural pride. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T13:39:34+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T13:39:34+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/young-girl-with-voluminous-afro-textured-hair-black-and-white-portrait.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This black and white study captures a young girl's confident gaze, framed by abundant type 4, afro textured hair, highlighting the natural beauty and unique coil formations integral to black hair traditions and self expression. The artistic choice celebrates cultural pride, hair wellness, and individuality."
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-hair-practices/",
            "url": "https://roothea.co/how-did-the-tignon-laws-influence-black-womens-hair-practices/",
            "headline": "How Did the Tignon Laws Influence Black Women's Hair Practices?",
            "description": "The Tignon Laws, intended to suppress Black women's beauty, sparked a transformative redefinition of textured hair heritage through artistic headwraps and resilient self-expression. ❉ Question",
            "datePublished": "2025-06-04T13:24:08+08:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-06-04T13:24:08+08:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Roothea",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/author/roothea/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/monochromatic-portrait-of-a-young-woman-with-short-coiled-hair.jpg",
                "width": 2304,
                "height": 4224,
                "caption": "This evocative portrait celebrates natural hair heritage through minimalist styling and stark contrasts, encouraging acceptance. Highlighting the beauty in the coiled pattern, the artistic choice seeks to resonate with themes of self-love and the embracing of naturally textured hair, integral to Black wellness."
            }
        }
    ],
    "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://roothea.co/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/abstract-bamboo-texture-demonstrating-natural-patterns-of-growth-and.jpg"
    }
}
```


---

**Original URL:** https://roothea.co/area/tignon-history/wisdom/3/
